Volume & Pressure Control Flashcards
are categorized based on how the ventilator delivers breaths, control variables, and how the px interact with the machine.
Mechanical Ventilator Modes
the ventilator delivers a preset tidal volume with each breath while the pressure varies depending on the __________ and ________.
Volume Control (lung compliance and airway resistance)
Delivers a preset volume at a preset rate and flow.
Meaning it is controlled, there is no spontaneous breath only ventilation-initiated breath.
Ventilator initiated meaning even if the px wants to initiate or trigger a breath on his own, it is not possible because it is set as _______ mode.
Volume Controlled Mandatory Ventilation (V-CMV)
- All breaths are delivered at a set volume, rate and flow.
Patient can trigger breath with the same Vt and rate as the controlled.
It is Ventilator settings + Px triggered breath (patient-initiated ventilator breath)
If the px wants to trigger a breath, the ventilator will trigger a breath even without reaching the RR.
- the mandatory parameters we set in this mode is _____, _____, and ____.
- Assist Control ( V-AC)
- Delivers a preset volume at a preset rate and flow.
Allows spontaneous breaths in between mandatory breaths.
It is Ventilator settings + Spontaneous breath (meaning it is not ventilator breath or the breath does not depend on the Vt or Ve rather, it is the PX’S TRUE BREATH).
It is the only mode we can incorporate the parameter PRESSURE SUPPORT.
2. Note: Do not use pressure support if there is no spontaneous breath from the patient because it can lead to increased risk of __________.
- Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (V- SIMV)
- BAROTRAUMA
SET PARAMETERS AND/OR CONTROLLED VARIABLES IN:
1. Volume Controlled
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2. Pressure Controlled
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- Tidal Volume, Respiratory Rate, Flow
- Inspiratory Pressure, Inspiratory Time
- Delivers a set volume with inverse I:E ratio.
More commonly used din pressure controlled.
It is use in px with severe respiratory failure or ARDS.
- The normal I:E ratio is ____ but in IRV, the ratio will be ____.
- Inverse Ratio Ventilation (V- IRV)
- 1:2 , 2:1
The ventilator delivers breaths with a preset inspiratory pressure. The tidal volume varies depending on the compliance and resistance of the lungs.
Pressure Control
All breaths are delivered at a preset PIP and Ti.
PRESSURE ASSIST CONTROL (P-AC)/ PRESSURE CONTROL (PCV)
The ventilator delivers mandatory breaths at a set pressure, ensuring that the patient receives a consistent level of inspiratory pressure with each breath, regardless of their lung compliance.
Pressure Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (P-SIMV)
A pressure-controlled mode that intentionally prolongs the inspiratory phase relative to the expiratory phase to improve oxygenation and lung recruitment.
Pressure Inverse Ratio Ventilation (P-IRV)
The patient initiates the breath, and the ventilator provides support by delivering a preset pressure during inspiration, reducing the work of breathing.
Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV)
The patient breathes spontaneously, but the ventilator provides a constant level of positive pressure to keep the airways open and improve oxygenation.
No ventilator breath
Used for px who are candidate for _______.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) , weaning
- Used on both intubated or non intubated patients.
- Initial Set-up:
IPAP: ____ to ___ cmH2o
EPAP: ____ to ____ cmH2o
- Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP)
- 10 to 15cmH2o ; 3 to 5cm H2o
Combine aspects of both pressure control and volume control to ensure effective ventilation while minimizing the risks associated with each mode.
In this mode, the ventilator can switch between controlling pressure and volume, often within a single breath or breath cycle, based on patient needs or feedback from the lungs.
Dual Control Modes
