Volume II - A&P (self-test) Flashcards
How many hormones are secreted by the Islets of Langerhans?
Three
In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up in an orderly fashion and prepare to divide?
Metaphase
What controls the action of the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
What are the primary female sex organs?
Ovaries
Where is vitreous humor located?
Within the vitreous body
What is the outer surface of a muscle called?
Epimysium
Which part is considered as the “brain” of the cell?
Cell nucleus
What are “deciduous” teeth?
The first set of teeth to develop
What type of movement occurs when the entire arm makes circles while stretched out to the side
circumduction
What type of gland secretes sebum?
Sebaceous gland
What percentage of odor intensity is lost within the first second after receptor stimulation?
50
What is the approximate length of the female urethra?
1 1/2 inches
What type of joint is a condyloid?
Synovial
What is the dividing of a cell’s nucleus called?
Mitosis
Between what two parts of the urinary system do the ureters extend?
Kidneys and bladder
How many lobes does the right lung have?
Three
What type of joint is a suture?
Fibrous
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Cardiac, skeletal, and smooth
How many extrinsic muscles extend from the outer surface of the eye to the bones of the orbit?
Six
Where is the prostate gland located?
Below the urinary bladder
What is the name of the third cranial nerve?
Oculomotor nerve
What does dynamic equilibrium involve?
Interpreting head and body movement
What does superior mean?
Toward the head
What is the correct anatomical position of the eyes as it relates to the mouth?
Eyes are superior to the chin
What portion of the pharynx is located behind the palate and serves as a passageway for food and air?
Oropharynx
Describe the anatomical position of the elbow as it relates to the hand
Elbow is proximal to the wrist
How many general processes are involved in the cell life cycle?
four
What are the two male accessory organs?
Penis and scrotum
What male hormone is responsible for certain male characteristics?
Testosterone
What are the involuntary muscle contractions that move food from the esophagus to the stomach?
Peristalsis
How do the structures of the cells in the human body differ?
Only in structure
How many primary odor groups can the nose detect?
seven
What accrediting agency established a list of unsafe and unusable abbreviations?
The Joint Commission
What is protraction?
moving a body part forward away from the middle of the body
What is the first menstrual cycle in the life of a female called?
Menarche
What is the outermost portion of the bone called?
Periosteum
Glucagon has a direct effect on which organ?
The liver
Where are the adrenal glands located?
The superior portion of each kidney
What part of the ear does the pinna guide sound waves into?
External auditory canal
What hormone promotes the production of maternal milk following childbirth?
Prolactin
Why are some odors difficult for us to detect?
Because olfactory receptors are located high in the nasal cavity
What valve is between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
Mitral Valve
What is the purpose of medical abbreviations?
Provide a quick, clear, and concise way to communicate through documentation
What is the primary stimulus to breathe?
The need to eliminate carbon dioxide from the body
When external temperatures are high, what do blood vessels in the skin do? Why
Dilate; to permit an increase in blood flow and stimulate sweating
What is the master gland called?
Pituitary
How many vibrations per second can normal hearing detect?
20,000
At what age do females usually reach puberty?
Thirteen
What are the two largest veins in the body?
Superior and inferior vena cava
In which phase of mitosis does cytoplasmic division begin?
Anaphase
Describe the normal anatomical position
Standing upright, arms at side, palms facing forward
What is the outermost layer of a cell called?
Cell membrane
Where is the gall bladder located?
Along the inferior surface of the liver
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
CNS and PNS
What part of the nervous system automatically causes body functions to return to normal?
Parasympathetic
When does the life cycle of a cell begin and end?
Begins when the cell is formed
What is the main function of pleurae? How many layers do the pleurae have?
To protect the lungs; two
The heart is located in what area of the thorax?
Mediastinum
What are the two external ear structures?
Auricle (pinna) and external auditory canal
Why did JCAHO declare abbreviations such as AS, OS, qd, and cc unusable?
Because of the high risk of being mixed up or mistaken for another abbreviation
What two male internal accessory sex organs does the vas deferens connect?
Epididymis and seminal vesicles
What type of sweat gland is usually connected to hair follicles?
Apocrine
What is contained in the third layer of the alimentary canal wall?
Blood vessels, nerves, glands, and lymphatic vessels
How many passageways are in the nasal conchae?
Three
After sperm cells are produced, where do they mature?
Epididymis
What are the primary male sex organs?
Testes
What are the two “female” hormones called?
Estrogen, progesterone
What substance is produced in the deepest layer of the epidermis to protect the skin against damage caused by ultraviolet rays from the sun?
Melanin
What gland secretes STH?
Pituitary gland
What is the longitudinal axis?
An imaginary line that passes lengthwise through a portion of the body or a bone
To what part of the circulatory system do the alveoli connect directly?
Capillaries
After passing through the lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels merge to form what component of the lymphatic system?
lymphatic trunks
How many female external accessory organs are there?
Four
Approximately how many hair cells are located in the organ of Corti?
16,000
What are macrophages?
Infection-fighting organisms in lymph
What quadrant is the stomach located in?
Left upper quadrant
How many muscles are in the body?
more than 500
What are the three types of neurons?
Bipolar, unipolar, and multipolar
When filled to capacity, approximately how much air can the lungs hold?
Six liters
What is the main portion of a bone called?
compact bone
What is “accommodation”?
The ability of the lens to adjust its thickness and shape to focus on objects at various distances.
How many layers does the uterine wall have?
Three
What is one function of the integumentary system?
body temp regulation, protection, and external physical characteristics
What vein is joined to the thoracic duct?
Left subclavian vein
What is “hematopoiesis”?
Blood cell formation
Hair shafts are composed mainly of what type of cells?
Dead epidermal cells
What is the final step of the urination process?
Relaxation of the external sphincter of the urethra
What layer of the skin contains blood vessels, sweat glands, and hair follicles?
Dermis
Where are most living substances contained within a cell?
Cytoplasm
Where is bile produced and stored?
Produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder
Which part of a cell carries vital DNA information to newly forming cells?
Centrosomes
Where can you find epithelial tissue?
Throughout the body, covering all body surfaces (both inside and out). Also found in the glands
What holds ovaries in their positions?
Ligaments
Why does the prostate gland secrete fluid into the ejaculatory duct?
To protect sperm from acidic vaginal secretions
Where are intercostal muscles?
Between the ribs
The doctor’s orders state a patient’s vital signs must be completed qid. How often should you take the patient’s vitals?
four times a day
What part of the nervous system automatically causes body functions to speed up?
Sympathetic
How does aging affect the skin?
Decreases skin elasticity
What is the function of lymphocytes?
to fight infection
What is the function of the villi in the small intestine?
Assist in the movement and absorption of nutrients
What is the concave portion of the kidney called?
Renal pelvis
What is the outermost layer of the epidermis?
Stratum Corneum
What two actions occur in the lens when you look at a distant object?
Ciliary muscles relax and the lens becomes thinner
What are the four general types of tissue found in the body?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
Where are the olfactory receptors located?
In the upper posterior nasal cavity
Where are the kidneys located?
In the superior portion of the posterior abdominal cavity
When do menses begin?
approx day 28
What are the two functions of the lymphatic system?
maintain proper fluid balance and defend against infection
What happens to the fluid waste that is filtered from the blood by capillaries in the glomerulus?
It is squeezed into the bowman’s capsule
What is a condyle?
A rounded bone end that normally meets with another bone
What type of movement occurs when the toes are pointed away from the face while lying supine?
Plantar flexion
What is the capacity of an adult’s urinary bladder?
1,000 - 1,800 mL
Into which vein does all lymph eventually empty?
one of the two subclavian veins
What are “olfactory tracts”?
Pathways that extend beyond olfactory bulbs
What is adduction?
Moving a body part toward the midline or medial plane
What are cells that act as hormone receptors called?
Target cells
What is the system of chambers and tubes in the inner ear called?
Labyrinth
What type of movements does the somatic nervous system control?
Voluntary
What does proximal mean?
Closer to a given point of origin
What type of muscle is found in the walls of blood vessels?
Multiunit
What muscle causes the eye to rotate toward the midline?
Medial rectus
Where is the lacrimal gland located?
Within the orbit on the inside of the eye
