Volume 2 Flashcards
What is the correct anatomical position of the spine as it relates to the sternum?
Posterior
A line projecting at right angles to the plane of moton best describes which of the following body movements?
Axis of joint rotation
Moving the forearm toward the head by bending the elbow is an example of
flexion
Why is it important to ensure medical abbreviations, documentation, and terminology are written accurately and legibly?
Provide clear and concise patient information and patient safety
You have just completed screening a patient with an appointment for blurred vision in the right eye. How should you document this information correctly?
Patient complains of blurred vision-right eye
You would not find which component in the cytoplasm of a cell?
Nucleus
What cytoplasm components are responsible for cell contraction?
Microfilaments
What part of the cell provides the primary source of cellular energy?
Mitochondria
Which phase of mitosis would signify that the nucleus of the cell is actually dividing?
Anaphase
The complicated process responsible for the distinction of cell characteristics is known as
Cell differentiation
What type of tissue is the major component of glands?
Epithelial
What type of tissue can change its shape?
Muscle
Because of its striated appearance, which tissue is similar to skeletal muscle tissue?
Cardiac muscle
Aqueous humor fills the space between the cornea and the
iris
What part of the eye is largely responsible for viewing dimly lit images?
Rods
What nerve is the pathway to vision?
Optic
What substance endures the eyeball maintains its round shape?
Vitreous humor
The auditory ossicles are located in the
Middle ear
In the ear, movement of the stapes causes stimulation of fluid within the
Cochlea
Odors are described as belonging to which of these groups?
Seven primary colors, or a combination of at least two of them
What are the enlarged smell receptors that extend into the nasal cavity?
Olfactoy bulbs
What are the enlarged smell receptors that extend into the nasal cavity?
Olfactory bulbs
The layer of the epidermis that is next to the deepest layer is the
Stratum spinosum
The white area at the base of a finger or toe nail is called the
Lunula
What substance is secreted by the sebaceous gland?
Sebum
In which function of the integumentary system would blood vessels constrict?
Body temperature regulation
Pigmentation is attributed to
Melanin
Where would you find very little compact bone in the skeletal system?
Bone ends
Where are nerves and blood vessels contained in the bone?
Medullary cavity
What bones are usually located within tendons where pressure is frequently applied?
Sesamoid
What is the name of the triangular shaped bone that lies over the anterior portion of the knee joint?
Patella
What type of muscle is skeletal muscle?
Voluntary; striated
The muscle layer that lies just below the epimysium is the
Perimysium
What attaches skeletal muscles to the bone?
Tendons
What type of joint joins the distal end of the tibia and fibula?
Syndesmosis
What type of joint connects the sternum and first rib?
Synchondrosis
What fluid acts as a joint lubricant and a nutrient supplier for cartilage within the joint?
Synovial
What is the process that forms blood cells called?
Hematopoieses
The valve that leads from the right atrium to the right ventricle is the
`Tricuspid valve
What is the term for the thick muscular portion of the heart?
Myocardium
What is the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle?
Mitral
What cells are responsible for the clotting action in blood?
Platelets
The pressure in the blood vessels when the heart is at rest between contractions is the
Diastolic blood pressure
Oxygenated blood travels from the lungs back to the heart through the
Pulmonary vein
What vein returns blood back to the heart from the lower body?
Inferior vena cava
What is the only vein the carries oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary
Vessels that lead out of them lymph nodes are called
efferent lymphatic vessels
What is the largest lymphatic organ?
Spleen
What part of the lymph system acts as the filter?
Nodes
What are the two infection-fighting organsims associated with the lymph nodes?
Lymphocytes and macrophages
Where does lymph from the right lymphatic duct empty?
Right subclavian vein
Once excess fluid from the body tissue enters lymphatic capillaries, it is known as
Lymph
The superior portion of the pharynx that contains the eustachian tubes is the
Nasopharynx
The larynx is composed of how many cartilages?
Three single and three paired cartilages
What part of the lower respiratory system does air travel to and from the lungs through a cylindrical tube composed of cartilage?
Trachea
During inhalation, the intercostal muscular contraction permits the ribs to move
Forward and slightly upward
The amount of air remaining in the lungs after the strongest possible exhalation is known as
Risidual air
The small spaces between neurons are called the
Synapses
What type of neuron has one axon extending from one end of the soma and one dendrite extending from the other?
Bipolar
What is a primary function of the cerebullum other than coordinating muscular movements?
Control activity of the brain itself
The part of the brain stem that connects to the spinal cord is the
Medulla oblongata
What is one of the functions of the interior of the cerebrum?
Storing knowledge
What is the name of the large intersection for interlaced spinal nerves?
Plexus
What cranial nerve is responsible for the sensation of sight?
Optic
What cranial nerve controls the lateral rectus eye muscle?
Abducent
The ‘fight or flight’ reaction is controlled by the
Sympathetic nervous system
What part of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for involuntary body functions?
Autonomic
The layer of the alimentary canal that is responsible for movement of substances through the canal is the
Muscular
The ileocecal valve is the small intestine connects to the
Cecum
What is the mucous membrane that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth?
Frenulum
What is the difference in the number of primary teeth and the number or permanent teeth a person will develop?
12
Where will undigested chyme go after leaving the ileum?
Cecum
Which organ absorbs beneficial water for use by the body?
Colon
What liquid is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder?
Bile
Kidneys are in the posterior abdominal cavity and extend from the
Thoracic to the lumbar spinal region
Approximately how many nephrons are within each kidney
1 million
How many inches long would you expect the ureter to be in a 30 year old male?
Ten
Backflow of urine into the ureter is prevented by
A flap of mucous membrane
The urge to urinate is usually first experienced with the bladder contains approximately hoe many milliliters of urine
250
What part of the kidney filters blood to remove waste and regulate water and electrolyte concentrations?
Nephron
The testes are two oval shaped structures that are made of
Connective muscle
What is the tubule that leads from the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body?
Urethra
Growth of body hair on a male is a
Secondary sex characteristic
Where are sperm cells produced?
Testes
Fluid is secreted from the seminal vesicles to help carry sperm through the
Ejaculatory duct
The lower third of the uterus is called the
Cervix
What happens to the ovum after a sperm fertilizes it?
Travels to the uterus and attaches to the endometrium
The second phase of the menstrual cycle begins when
An ovum is released from one of the ovaries
What is the term used to describe the first menstrual cycle that occurs once puberty is reached?
Menarche
The pituitary gland is divided into two sections called the
Anterior lobe and the posterior lobe
Which organ secretes the adrenocorticotropic hormone?
Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
Which hormone accounts for the majority of the thyroid hormones?
Thyroxine
What makes up the majority of the adrenal gland?
Adrenal cortex
What hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla has little effect on blood sugar level?
Norepinephrine
Which hormone would you expect the Islets of Langerhans to secrete?
Insulin
