Volume 2

Question 1

What are PFT findings in obstructive disease

Answer 1

FEV1 is diminished because of increased airway resistance to expiratory flow
AND
FEV1/FVC ratio less than 85%

Question 2

what are PFT findings in restrictive disease

Answer 2

FEV1 and FVC are both reduced proportionally and the ratio may be normal or even increased as a result of decreased lung compliance

Question 3

what should be the FEV1/FVC ratio of a normal child?

Answer 3

> 85%

Question 4

what PFT test is more sensitive for obstructive small airway disease

Answer 4

FEF25-75% or FEF25-50%

Question 5

What is FEV1 useful for?

Answer 5

FEV1 can be an indicator of current obstruction and predict risk for future exacerbations

Question 6

how is reversibility determined?

Answer 6

Reversibility is determined either by an increase in FEV1 of at least 12% from baseline

Question 7

what is CCAM?

Answer 7

cystic adenomatoid malformation

Question 8

what are features of CCAM

Answer 8

CYSTIC
dysplastic lung tissue mixed with normal
usually in only one lobe
3 types

Question 9

how do CCAM present?

Answer 9

newborn or early infancy:
resp distress
infections
PTX

Question 10

what are CXR findings consistent with CCAM?

Answer 10

Cystic

mediastinal shift AWAY

Question 11

how do we manage CCAM

Answer 11

needSx before 1 yr

may have Ca changes

Question 12

What are CF of congenital lobar emphysema?

Answer 12

neonate - 6 mo
spectrum of resp distress
if bad - cyanosis

Question 13

how do we Dx congenital lobar emphysema?

Answer 13

many Dx antenatal
LUL MC ( upper/middle lobe)
Overdistended lobe
mediastinal shift away
atelectasis of good side

Question 14

what is pulmonary sequestration?

Answer 14

lung tissue in a sequestration
INTRALOBAR mc
SOL
has own bld supply
may have gastric or pancreatic tissue in it
usually associated with diaphragmatic hernia

Question 15

where are pulm sequestraton usually found

Answer 15

left

lower

Question 16

what are CF of pulmonary sequestration?

Answer 16

Sputum, 
fever, 
hemoptysis, 
chest pain, 	
hemo/pneumothorax
if bad - CHF, clubbing
15% asymp