Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science Vol II > Volcanoes, Climate, Stars > Flashcards

Volcanoes, Climate, Stars Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a vent in Earth’s crust through which melted or molten rock flows

A

Volcano

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

molten or liquid-like rock within the Earth

A

Magma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

magma that reaches Earth’s surface

A

lava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

an opening through which magma flows on Earth’s surface

A

vent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

causes the formation of volcanoes and the eruptions that result

A

movement of Earth’s tectonic plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where 2 of Earth’s plates join together.

A

CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When 2 plates collide, the denser plate ______ or ________ into the mantle

A

sinks or subduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where 2 of Earth’s plates move apart Ring of Fire. Magma rises through the vent or opening in Earth’s crust that forms between them

A

DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

active areas below the Earth’s crust.

A

hotspots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When the plate moves away from the plume, the volcano becomes __________ or _______. A chain of volcanoes forms as the plate moves.

A

dormant/inactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

rising currents of hot mantle material

A

plume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most volcanoes are close to plate boundaries. Mostly along ___________ plates boundaries.

A

convergent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

represents an area of earthquake and volcanic activity that surrounds the Pacific Ocean

A

ring of fire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

potentially active volcanoes in the PH

A

26

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

active volcanoes in the PH

A

23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

PHIVOLCS

A

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

monitors the potential for future volcanic eruptions in the PH

A

PHIVOLCS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

type of volcano which has a record of eruption within the last 600 years

A

active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

an active volcano that is experiencing an eruption

A

erupting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

has erupted in the past 10,000 years

A

potentially active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

an active volcano that has the potential to erupt again

A

dormant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

has not erupted in over 10,000 years

A

inactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

a volcano that has not erupted in history

A

extinct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

(TYPES OF VOLCANIC CONES)

non-explosive eruptions, fluid basaltic lava, gentle broad slopes (non-viscous)

A

SHIELD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

(TYPES OF VOLCANIC CONES)

large, steep-sided volcanoes that result from explosive eruptions. Both explosive and quiet eruptions

A

composite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

(TYPES OF VOLCANIC CONES)

small, steep-sided volcanoes that erupt gas-rich, basaltic lavas (thick, viscous lava) (explosive)

A

cinder cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

tiny particles of pulverized volcanic rock and glass

A

volcanic ash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

determines a volcano’s eruptive style.

It is affected by the amount of __________ ______ and ______ _______ __ _______.

A

Magma Chemistry

dissolved gases and silica content of magma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

a liquid’s resistance to flow

A

VISCOSITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Magma that has low silica content also has a ____ _________ and flows easily. They erupt _______.

A

low viscosity

quietly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

contributes to how explosive a volcano can be

A

DISSOLVED GASES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

short term atmospheric condition. Can change rapidly

A

weather

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

long term average weather conditions that occur in a particular region

A

climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

distance of the place from the equator. Equator receives direct light and heat from the sun

A

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

the amount of solar energy per unit of Earth’s surface area depends on it

A

latitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

temperature decreases as altitude increases in the troposphere

A

altitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

the natural and artificial physical features of a certain place

A

topography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

the winds from one direction which blows more often than another

A

prevailing winds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

an area of low rainfall on the downwind slope of a mountain

A

rain shadows

40
Q

the irregular warming of surface water in the pacific

A

EL NIÑO

41
Q

associated with low temperature and heavier than usual rainfall areas

A

LA NIÑA

42
Q

vital to life. Traps heat from the Earth

A

GREENHOUSE GASES EFFECT

43
Q

send gases into the atmosphere that enhance the greenhouse effect

A

HUMAN ACTIVITIES

44
Q

tiny solid particles/ liquid droplets that remain suspended in the atmosphere for a long time

A

AEROSOLS

45
Q

CLASSIFYING CLIMATES

A

Köppen Classification System

46
Q

Cold year-round

A

Polar Climate

47
Q

Warm summers, cold winters

A

Continental Climate

48
Q

Hot summers, cooler winters

A

Dry Climate

49
Q

Warm year-round

A

Tropical Climate

50
Q

Warm summers, mild winter

A

Mild Climate

51
Q

localized climate that is different from the climate of the larger area surrounding it

A

MICROCLIMATE

52
Q

cold periods lasting from hundreds to million of years when glaciers cover much of Earth

A

IGE AGES

53
Q

the warm periods that occur during ice ages or between ice ages

A

INTERGLACIALS

54
Q

4 CAUSES OF LONG-TERM CLIMATE CYLES

A
  • Shape of Earth’s orbit
  • Changes in the tilt of Earth’s axis
  • Slow movement of Earth’s continent
  • Changes in ocean circulation
55
Q

changes in the amount of solar energy received at different latitudes during different times of the year give rise to the seasons

A

seasons

56
Q

4 days that mark the beginning of each of the seasons

A

SOLSTICES AND EQUINOXES

57
Q

mark the beginnings of summer and winter

A

SOLSTICES

58
Q

days when Earth is positioned so that neither the northern hemisphere nor the southern hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun. The number of daylight hours almost equals the number of nighttime hours everywhere on Earth. The beginning of spring and fall.

A

EQUINOXES

59
Q

the combined ocean and atmospheric cycle that results in weakened trade winds across the Pacific Ocean

A

EL NIÑO/SOUTHERN OSCILLATION or ENSO

60
Q

wind circulation pattern that changes direction with the seasons

A

MOONSOONS

61
Q

summer(southwest) monsoon in the PH. Late April to Early October. Significant amount of rainfall

A

HABAGAT

62
Q

winter(northeast) monsoon in the PH. Late September to April. Cool and dry

A

AMIHAN

63
Q

period with below-average precipitation

A

DROUGHT

64
Q

the rise in Earth’s average surface temperature during the past 100 years

A

GLOBAL WARMING

65
Q

lies 0 to 23.5 degree. The solar radiation in these regions reaches the ground nearly vertically at noontime almost the entire year.

A

MID ZONE/TROPICAL ZONE

66
Q

23.5 to 40 degree which receives the highest solar energy. Most of the deserts in the world are located in this zone

A

SUBTROPICS

67
Q

40 to 60 degree. The solar radiation reaches these regions at a smaller angle making the average temperature cooler than the tropics.

A

TEMPERATE

68
Q

60 to 90 degree. these zones receive less heat; thus they have a very cold temperature. Thus, the conditions for life in these regions are very hard

A

POLAR ZONE

69
Q

change in the average weather conditions or patterns extended for a long period of time.

A

CLIMATE CHANGE

70
Q

large-scale cutting and/or burning of forests

A

DEFORESTATION

71
Q

large ball of gas(Hydrogen and Helium) held together by gravity with a core so hot that nuclear fusion occurs

A

STAR

72
Q

Stars are born with ______ _________ _______ ____ ______ that collapse in on themselves. The cloud material heats up as it falls inward under the force of its own gravity. When the gas reaches about ___ million K ________ nuclei begin to fuse into ______ nuclei and the star is born.

A

clumps within gigantic gas clouds

10 million K ,

hydrogen nuclei begin to fuse into helium nuclei

73
Q

the total energy that a star produces in one second. The radius of the star and its surface temperature determine this.

A

LUMINOSITY

74
Q

perceived brightness as seen on Earth.

A

APPARENT MAGNITUDE

75
Q

measure of how bright the star would be if all stars were at the same distance from Earth.

A

ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE

76
Q

_____ of a star depends on its surface temperature.

A

COLOR

77
Q

Cooler stars are _____

A

red

78
Q

hotter stars have _______ appearance.

A

bluer appearance.

79
Q

Stars in the mid ranges are ________ or _______ color like the sun.

A

white or yellow

80
Q

The coolest, reddest stars (red giants) are approximately ________ , while the hottest stars (blue giants) can reach _________. Note that the sun is about ________ .

A

2,500K (red)

50,000K (blue)

5,500K (sun)

81
Q

Astronomers measure the size of a star in terms of the ______ ______ which means that if a star measures 1 solar radii it would be as big as the sun.

A

sun’s radius

82
Q

The mass of a star is also measured in terms of the ____. More mass means more __________ so the star presses in on itself more strongly. This means it gets hotter in the core than a smaller star, so it burns faster and at a much higher temperature. Because it burns hotter it also gives off more energy than a smaller, cooler star.

A

sun

self-gravity

83
Q

are very dense stars. The mass is comparable to that of the sun, and their volume is comparable to that of the earth. Their faint luminosity comes from the emission of stored thermal energy.

A

WHITE DWARFS

84
Q

are made from the fusion of hydrogen atoms to form helium atoms in their cores. About 90% of the stars are in the universe including the sun are main sequence stars.

A

MAIN SEQUENCE STARS

85
Q

former dwarfs that have cooled and expanded to a great size.

A

GIANT STARS

86
Q

star their life as main sequence dwarf. They are much brighter, hotter, and massive than the sun, which can be hundreds of times bigger. It has a hectic but very short life.

A

SUPERGIANT STARS

87
Q

A group of stars that form a pattern in the sky. There are 88 constellations

A

CONSTELLATION

88
Q

WHY DO STARS APPEAR TO MOVE IN THE NIGHT SKY ?

A
  1. Rotation of the Earth

2. Revolution of the Earth around the Sun.

89
Q

6 TYPES OF VOLCANO

A

ACTIVE, ERUPTING, POTENTIALLY ACTIVE, DORMANT, INACTIVE, EXTINCT

90
Q

3 TYPES OF VOLCANIC CONES

A

SHIELD, COMPOSITE, CINDER CONES

91
Q

10 FACTORS THAT AFFECT CLIMATE

A 
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION 
LATITUDE
ALTITUDE
TOPOGRAPHY
PREVAILING WINDS
RAIN SHADOWS
EL NIÑO
LA NIÑA
GREENHOUSE GASES EFFECT 
HUMAN ACTIVITIES
92
Q

5 Köppen Climate Classification

A 
Polar Climate
Continental Climate
Dry Climate
Tropical Climate
Mild Climate
93
Q

2 LONG TERM CYCLES OF CLIMATE

A

ICE AGES

INTERGLACIALS

94
Q

3 SHORT TERM CYCLES OF CLIMATE

A

SEASONS
SOLSTICES
EQUINOXES

95
Q

EARTH’S 4 CLIMATE ZONES

A

MID ZONE/TROPICAL ZONE
SUBTROPICS
TEMPERATE
POLAR ZONE

96
Q

5 CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS

A 
BRIGHTNESS
COLOR
TEMPERATURE
SIZE 
MASS
97
Q

4 GROUPINGS OF STARS

A

WHITE DWARFS
MAIN SEQUENCE STARS
GIANT STARS
SUPERGIANT STARS

Science Vol II (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions