Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics

Question 1

magma

Answer 1

liquid rock produced under Earth’s surface

Question 2

hot spot

Answer 2

a volcanically active area of Earth’s surface, commonly far from a tectonic plate boundary

Question 3

mafic

Answer 3

describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron and that is generally dark in color

Question 4

felsic

Answer 4

describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in feldspar and silica and that is generally light in color

Question 5

caldera

Answer 5

a large, circular depression that forms when the magma chamber below a volcano partially empties and causes the ground above to sink

Question 6

volcanism

Answer 6

any activity that includes the movement of magma toward or into Earth’s surface

Question 7

lava

Answer 7

magma that flows onto Earth’s surface; the rock that forms when lava cools and solidifies

Question 8

volcano

Answer 8

a vent or tissure in Earth’s surface through which magma and gases are expelled

Question 9

pyroclastic material

Answer 9

fragments of rock that form during a volcanic eruption