Volcanoes

Question 1

lava flow

Answer 1

masses of magma and solid black rock

Question 2

lava

Answer 2

magma when it erupts into the Earth’s surface. It’s fluid as water

Question 3

vent

Answer 3

opening in the Earth’s crust that magma and gasses erupt in the atmosphere

Question 4

magma

Answer 4

molten rock that has not reached the Earth’s surface

Question 5

magma chamber

Answer 5

a reservoir of magma beneath a volcano in the Earth’s crust

Question 6

hot spot

Answer 6

a plume of hot material that has risen from the mantle

Question 7

volcano

Answer 7

an opening in the Earth’s crust from which lava, ash and gas erupts and creates a landform

Question 8

viscosity

Answer 8

lava’s resistance to flow

Question 9

pahoehoe

Answer 9

smooth, rope-like appearance that cools slowly; solid basaltic lava

Question 10

a’a lava

Answer 10

lava that has rough edges; it has a pokey appearance and cools quickly

Question 11

pillow lava

Answer 11

lava that looks like clouds

Question 12

lahar

Answer 12

fast-moving mud flow

Question 13

pyroclastic material

Answer 13

solid rock fragments ejected during a volcanic eruption

Question 14

pyroclastic flow

Answer 14

dense, super-heated cloud of gas that moves rapidly downhill after a volcanic eruption

Question 15

cinder cone

Answer 15

small volcano, very explosive, cone shape

Question 16

composite

Answer 16

they have tall peaks and spread out; they have alternating layers of lava

Question 17

shield

Answer 17

broad-based, largest volcano

Question 18

batholiths

Answer 18

big dome of igneous rock

Question 19

laccoliths

Answer 19

little dome of igneous rock

Question 20

caldera

Answer 20

collapsed volcano, large crater-shaped basin, looks like a lake

Question 21

tephra

Answer 21

they can be large, dense rocks or light rocks carried upward from an explosion or from gasses

Question 22

volcanic neck

Answer 22

a column of solid fed lava; it’s in the volcanic vent

Question 23

lava plateau

Answer 23

lava pouring from a crack or fissure in the volcano

Question 24

fissure

Answer 24

fracture or crack in a volcano’s surface which lava flows from

Question 25

volcanic pipe

Answer 25

a vertical feature through which magma passes to reach the vent

Question 26

dike

Answer 26

narrow vertical cuts across older rock

Question 27

sill

Answer 27

a horizontal layer in older rock