Volcanoes Flashcards
An opening or vent in the earth’s crust through which lava or molten rock is ejected
Volcano
The phenomenon of eruption of molten rock onto the surface of the Earth or a solid-surface planet or moon, where lava, pyroclastic and volcanic gases erupt through a break in the surface called a vent.
Volcanism
Volcanic formation that occurs intraplate
Anomalous Volcanism
Apex; highest point of a volcano
Summit
Sides of a volcano
Flank
Basin-like depression over a vent at the summit
Crater
Formed by the collapse of a volcano into itself making a large, special crater
Caldera
Reservoir of molten rocks that can be found beneath the crust
Magma Chamber
Molten rocks beneath Earth’s surface
Magma
Main passageway of magma
Pipe
Opening to the Earth’s surface; where volcano emits magma
Vents
Solidified volcanic materials originating from secondary openings
Parasitic Cones
How are volcanoes classified?
Volcanic Activity
Volcanic Features
Volcanic Location
Erupted within 10,000 years
Active Volcano
Not erupted for more than 10,000 years but magma is slowly filling up the chamber
Dormant
No recorded eruption
Extinct
Large crater
Up to 1,200 ft
Cinder Cone
Wide & broad
Diameter of 100-500 km
Shield Volcano
Tall, steep, symmetrical
Strato/Composite volcano
Dome-shaped
Lava dome
Volcanic locations
Continental
Subglacial
Submarine
Basaltic & low-viscosity
Effusive eruption
Silicic & high-viscosity
Explosive eruption
Streams of molten rock that pour/ooze from an erupting vent
Lava Flow
Fluidized rock fragments that move rapidly because of gravity
Pyroclastic Flow
Pulverised rocks & glass
Tephra fall
