Volcanoes

Question 1

What is a volcano?

Answer 1

A mountain of hill, typically conical, which has a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapour, and gas are or have been erupted from the Earth’s crust

Question 2

Where can volcanoes NOT form?

Answer 2

Conservative boundaries

Question 3

What is the distribution of volcanic activity mainly associated with?

Answer 3

• Ocean ridges and sea floor spreading
• Destructive plate boundaries and subduction zones
• Rift valleys
• Intraplate vulcanicity - hot spots

Question 4

What are the 3 things a volcano can be?

Answer 4

Active, dormant or extinct

Question 5

What is an active volcano?

Answer 5

An eruption is currently going on

Question 6

What is a dormant volcano?

Answer 6

Hasn’t erupted in the last 2,000 years

Question 7

What is an extinct volcano?

Answer 7

Not going to erupt again

Question 8

What is an example of an active volcano?

Answer 8

Mauna Loa

Question 9

What is an example of a dormant volcano?

Answer 9

Mt Rainier

Question 10

What is an example of an extinct volcano?

Answer 10

Mount Snowdon

Question 11

What is tephra?

Answer 11

Large pieces of rock ejected from the volcano

Question 12

What is volcanic cloud?

Answer 12

Gas, steam and ash escaping from the volcano

Question 13

What is a crater?

Answer 13

Opening at the top of a volcano

Question 14

What is a main vent?

Answer 14

The tunnel in which magma rises to the top of the volcano

Question 15

What is a magma chamber?

Answer 15

Store of hot molten rock beneath the volcano

Question 16

What is a secondary vent/cone?

Answer 16

Allows magma to escape from the side of the volcano

Question 17

What are the primary hazards associated with volcanoes?

Answer 17

Pyroclastic flows
Volcanic bombs
Lava flows
Ash fallout
Volcanic gases
Earthquakes

Question 18

What are the secondary hazards associated with volcanoes?

Answer 18

Atmospheric ash fallout
Landslides
Tsunamis
Acid rainfall
Lahars

Question 19

What are the socio-economic impacts associated with volcanoes?

Answer 19

Destruction of settlements
Loss of life
Loss of farmland and forests
destruction of infrastructure
Disruption of communications

Question 20

What is ash cloud?

Answer 20

These can reach up to 14km into the stratosphere. This includes anything that is ejected out of the volcano. Ash, dust, rock

Question 21

What are lava flows?

Answer 21

Liquid or solidified lava which has erupted from a volcano

Question 22

What are lahars?

Answer 22

A flowing mass of soft, wet, unconsolidated earth and fine-grained debris

Question 23

What are pyroclastic and ash fallout?

Answer 23

Avalanche of hot moving volcanic gases and rock that can travel up to 300km/hr

Question 24

What are gases/acid rain?

Answer 24

Volcanoes erupt sulphurous gases which can result in acidic rainwater

Question 25

What is an Icelandic eruption?

Answer 25

Occur at constructive plate boundaries Basaltic lava flows gently from a fissure Eruption height: no more than 1km Mostly lava - forming lava plateaus Regular/continuous eruptions

Question 26

What is a Hawaiin eruption?

Answer 26

occurs at constructive plate boundaries Associated with shield volcanoes Basaltic lava flows gently from a central vent Often a calm eruption without much gas Lava can be referred to as Pahoeoe - means it is smooth and ropey looking - up to 1km

Question 27

What is a Strombolian eruption?

Answer 27

Occurs at constructive boundaries Named after the volcano Stromboli Slightly thicker basaltic lava flow Small but very frequent/explosive eruptions - lots of tephra and steam Occasional, short lava flows, often see lava arcs Volcanic bombs are often ejected along with lapilli