Volcanoes

Question 1

E-15 Eyjafjallajokull
2010

Answer 1

-Interaction of water and hot magma water vaporises generating explosive steam and ash eruptions
Phreatomagmatic eruption
-Covered by glacier
-800 ppl evacuated
-explosive
-divergent
- ash covered and disrupted air travel in Europe for 7 days
-composite volcano
-ash plume 10km into the air
-30 minute warning text

Question 2

Rhyolitic

Answer 2

-High viscosity as high silica 65-75%
-Low temp
-slow flow

Question 3

Andesitic

Answer 3

Intermediate viscosity silica content 55-65%
Temp between 800-1000
Eruptions destructive

Question 4

Basaltic

Answer 4

Low silica content 45-55%
Relatively fluid
Low gas content
Effusive
Hottest temp
Flow quickly

Question 5

Shield

Answer 5

Gently sloping
Basaltic so effusive
Lava flows

Question 6

Composite

Answer 6

Steep
Andesitic or rhyolitic
Explosive or effusive
Pyroclastic flows, ash and lahars

Question 7

Cinder cone

Answer 7

Small steep cone
Basaltic or andestitic
Primarly explosive
Falling cinders

Question 8

Lahar

Answer 8

Dangerous mudflow water from rivers

Question 9

Tephra/ pyroclasts

Answer 9

Bomb, block

Question 10

Jokulhlaups

Answer 10

Glacial outburst, occur when lake fed by glacial meltwater

Question 11

Mount marapi Indonesia eruption 2010

Answer 11

Explosive
Convergent
200,000 homeless
300,000 evacuated
300-400 deaths
Dome inflated by 42cm
Pyroclastic flows
Ash falls
Lahars
Dams now built to hold back lahars
Developing country
Converging
Composite volcano
Government gave farmers money
International aid

Question 12

Soufriere hills 1997 eruption

Answer 12

Converging
Seismic events
Killed 19
Pyroclastic flows
Explosive
Ash
Convergent
Composite

Question 13

White Island eruption 2019

Answer 13

Popular tourist destination
47 people were on the island
22 deaths
Phreatic eruption
Low visibility ash plumes
Andesite stratovolcano
Mismanaged
Developed
Explosive
Converging

Question 14

Nyiragongo 2002

Answer 14

-lava flow 37 mph
-200 deaths
-400,000 evacuated
-toxic gases
-low level monitoring
-divergent
-effusive
-composite
-triggered earthquakes
-divergent

Question 15

Explosive

Answer 15

High viscous this traps gas and pressure so builds up and violently explodes
Plumes of ash and gas
Pyroclastic flows
High gas content

Question 16

Effusive

Answer 16

Low viscous magma allows gas to escape easily
So flows
Low gas content
Lava flows
Fluid magma