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Science 9 (Finals) > Volcanoes > Flashcards

Volcanoes Flashcards

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1
Q

Volcano that is famous for its near perfect cone shape

A

Mount Mayon

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2
Q

Vent, hill, or mountain that erupts, releasing molten rocks, rock fragments, and gases.

A

Volcano

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3
Q

Parts of a Volcano

Molten rock is also known as…

A

Magma

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4
Q

Parts of a Volcano

Enumerate the Parts of a Volcano

A
  • Main Vent
  • Magma Chamber
  • Crater
  • Lava Flow
  • Secondary Vent
  • Secondary Cone
  • Ash Cloud
  • Ash
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5
Q

Parts of a Volcano

Where magma passes through from the magma chamber to reach the Earth’s surface.

A

Main Vent

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6
Q

Parts of a Volcano

Large reservoir that stores molten rock (magma) prior to eruption.

A

Magma Chamber

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7
Q

Parts of a Volcano

Bowl shaped depression produced by volcanic activity and explosion.

A

Crater

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8
Q

Parts of a Volcano

Stream of molten rock flowing out of the crater

A

Lava Flow

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9
Q

Parts of a Volcano

Alternative smaller outlet where magma escapes.

A

Secondary Vent

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10
Q

Parts of a Volcano

Also known as parasitic cone

A

Secondary Cone

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11
Q

Parts of a Volcano

Formed when lava and ashes escape from smaller vents.

A

Secondary Cone

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12
Q

Parts of a Volcano

Formed when thick volcanic ashes are discharged into the atmosphere caused by violent explosion or eruption.

A

Ash Cloud

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13
Q

Parts of a Volcano

Mixture of rocks, minerals, and glass particles expelled during a volcanic eruption

A

Ash

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14
Q

Types of Volcanoes According to Shape

Enumerate the Types of Volcanoes According to Shape.

A
  • Cinder Cone Volcanoes
  • Composite (stratovolcanoes) Volcanoes
  • Shield Volcanoes
  • [Lava Dome (this is not elaborated upon)]
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15
Q

Types of Volcanoes According to Shape

Formed from pyroclastic fragments and volcanic ashes that solidify forming a cone which can be either circular or oval.

A

Cinder Cone Volcanoes

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16
Q

Types of Volcanoes According to Shape

Also known as stratovolcanoes.

A

Composite Volcanoes

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17
Q

Types of Volcanoes According to Shape

_ _ are typically symmetrical cones.

A

Composite Volcanoes

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18
Q

Types of Volcanoes According to Shape

Have acidic and sticky lava, that solidifies without travelling very far.

A

Composite Volcanoes

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19
Q

Types of Volcanoes According to Shape

Formed from non-acidic basaltic lava flows of high viscosity.

A

Shield Volcanoes

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20
Q

Types of Volcanoes According to Shape

Not very explosive and are among the largest in the world

A

Shield Volcanoes

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21
Q

Types of Volcanoes According to Eruptive History

Enumerate the types of volcanoes according to eruptive history.

A
  • Active
  • Dormant
  • Extinct
22
Q

Types of Volcanoes According to Eruptive History

Active volcanoes have erupted within the last _ years.

A

600

23
Q

Types of Volcanoes According to Eruptive History

These volcanoes are active but not erupting.

A

Dormant

24
Q

Types of Volcanoes According to Eruptive History

These volcanoes have erupted within the last 10, 000 years.

A

Extinct

25
Q

Phases of a Volcanic Eruption

Enumerate the phases of a volcanic eruption.

A
  1. Preperation Phase
  2. Eruption Phase
  3. Ending Phase
26
Q

Phases of a Volcanic Eruption

In this phase, the magma chamber is being filled with magma.

A

Preparation Phase

27
Q

Phases of a Volcanic Eruption

In this phase, the pressure will start to build up, then erupting, releasing rock fragments, pyroclastic materials, gases, and ashes.

A

Eruption Phase

28
Q

Phases of a Volcanic Eruption

In this phase, the magma chamber is empty, which may cause the walls of the conduit to collapse, forming a crater or caldera.

A

Ending Phase

29
Q

Types of Volcanic Eruptions

Enumerate the two main types of Volcanic Eruptions.

A
  • Effusive Eruptions
  • Explosive Eruptions
30
Q

Types of Volcanic Eruptions

This eruption releases basaltic lava that is relatively low in viscosity and low in gas content.

A

Effusive Eruption

31
Q

Types of Volcanic Eruptions

This eruption releaser basaltic lava that is relatively high in viscosity and high in gas content.

A

Explosive Eruption

32
Q

Types of Volcanic Eruptions

Enumerate the six major types of Volcanic Eruptions.

A
  • Hawaiian
  • Strombolian
  • Vulcanian
  • Plinian
  • Phreatic
  • Phreatomagmatic
33
Q

Types of Volcanic Eruptions

In this eruption, basaltic lava is thrrown into the air, ceating a lava fountain.

A

Hawaiian type

34
Q

Types of Volcanic Eruptions

In this eruption, there is a burst of glowing lava due to the bursting of gas bubble at the vents of the volcano.

A

Strombolian type

35
Q

Types of Volcanic Eruptions

In this eruption, scoria and lava bombs are created.

A

Strombolian type

36
Q

Types of Volcanic Eruptions

In this eruption, the eruption is short, explosive, and violent.

A

Vulcanian type

37
Q

Types of Volcanic Eruptions

This eruption is the most violent among all types of volcanic eruptions.

A

Plinian type

38
Q

Types of Volcanic Eruptions

This eruption, is usually destructive to land and property.

A

Plinian type

39
Q

Types of Volcanic Eruptions

This eruption is a steam-driven explosion.

A

Phreatic type

40
Q

Types of Volcanic Eruptions

This eruption involves the eruption of magma that reacts to external water, causing an explosion, releasing steam and pyroclastic fragments.

A

Phreatomagmatic type

41
Q

Materials Extruded during Eruptions

Enumerate the 3 Main Materials Extruded during Eruptions.

A
  • Lava (cooled magma)
  • Tephra (rock fragments)
  • Gases
42
Q

Materials Extruded during Eruptions

_ refers to magma that has been expelled onto the Earth’s surface.

A

Lava

43
Q

Materials Extruded during Eruptions

Enumerate the Types of Pyroclastic Materials (tephra)

A
  • Volcanic Bombs
  • Volcanic Ash
  • Lapilli
  • Volcanic Blocks
44
Q

Different Types of Pyroclastic Materials

Large, dense pyroclastic that cool in the air before they reach the ground, commonly found in older shield volcanoes.

A

Volcano Bombs

45
Q

Different Types of Pyroclastic Materials

Large, dense pyroclastic that cool in the air before they reach the ground. Already solid when ejected.

A

Volcanic Blocks

46
Q

Different Types of Pyroclastic Materials

Mixture of powder-sized (2 mm or smaller) rocks, minerals, and gas particles.

A

Volcanic Ash

47
Q

Different Types of Pyroclastic Materials

Means “little stones” in Latin.

A

Lapilli

48
Q

Volcano comes from the Italian word _ which means “ _ _ “, and also the Latin word _ the _ God of fire.

A

Volcano comes from the Italian word vulcano which means “ burning mountain “, and also the Latin word Vulcan the Roman God of fire.

49
Q

Effects of Volcanic Eruptions

Do eruptions have good effects?

A

Yes

50
Q

Effects of Volcanic Eruptions

Give three good effects of Volcanic Eruptions.

A
  • High levels of heat and activity underground can provide an alternative source of energy (geothermal energy).
  • Lava and ash deposits provide valuable resources to the soil, making it fertile.
  • May cause long-term effects on climate, and cause global cooling.
51
Q

Effects of Volcanic Eruptions

Give three bad effects of Volcanic Eruptions.

A
  • Volcanic ashes and gases may cause breathing problems when inhaled.
  • May cause damage to crops, and properties, and may endanger the lives of people and animals in the area.
  • May form lahar, which can destroy properties and lives.

Science 9 (Finals) (12 decks)

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