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Natural Disasters > Volcanoes > Flashcards

Volcanoes Flashcards

1
Q

Do more volatiles mean more or less explosive potential?

A

More

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2
Q

Does a higher or lower viscosity mean high explosive potential?

A

Higher

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3
Q

Does an increase in SiO2 increase or decrease viscosity?

A

Increase

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4
Q

What lava composition does this describe: dark igneous rock with small grains of equal proportions of plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene, produced by partial melting of
upper mantle material

A

Basalt

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5
Q

What volcano shape do basalt composition create?

A

shield-shaped

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6
Q

What lava composition does this describe: lava production at subduction
zones, water lowers the melting point which forms magma

A

Andesite

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7
Q

What volcano shape does andesite composition create?

A

cone-shaped

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8
Q

What lava composition does this describe: produced at subduction zones, very high SiO2 content (<70%), high viscosity, explosive, wet magma

A

Rhyolite

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9
Q

What eruption type does this describe: some explosive activity, surface flows, low fire fountains, forms spatter and cinder cones

A

Hawaiian

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10
Q

What eruption type does this describe: low fire fountains, energetic, forms cones/sheets, made of andesite or basalt

A

Strombolian

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11
Q

What eruption type does this describe: collapse of a lava dome, pyroclastic flows

A

Pelean

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12
Q

What eruption type does this describe: violent explosions as magma contacts seawater, low small columns, tuff cones, fragmented ash

A

Surtseyan

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13
Q

What eruption type does this describe: high ash columns, powerful eruptions, silicic compositions, large pyroclastic flows

A

Plinian

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14
Q

Network of seismometers to measure magnitude, frequency and distribution of EQ’s under a volcano

A

Seismic monitoring

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15
Q

Caused by magma movement and formation of gas bubbles, causes long period EQ’s

A

volcanic tremors

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16
Q

measurement of changes in the volcano’s shape due to increasing pressures
and/or the presence of new magma

A

deformation

17
Q

What type of monitoring is this: lahar hazards, long-term threat of sediment transport/erosion and increased flooding

A

Hydrologic

18
Q

What type of mitigation is this: strengthens lava and forms barrier

A

water cooling

19
Q

max. angle at which material can be piled (depends on particle size, shape, sorting, packing, moisture content, anything less than 35 degrees is considered stable)

A

angle of repose

20
Q

What type of mass movement does this describe: rapid, material moves through air,
lands at base of slope, initiated by natural or human activity

A

Fall

21
Q

What type of mass movement does this describe: material moves in contact with underlying surface, forms scarps

A

Slide

22
Q

What are the types of slides?

A

rockslide, landslide, slump

23
Q

What type of landslide does this describe: sliding of material along curved surface

A

Slump

24
Q

What mass movement does this describe: materials break up and move as viscous fluid, greatest velocity at upper surface, no distinct surface

A

Flow

25
Q

slow movement of soil down slope, bent tree trunks and fences

A

creep

26
Q

slow movement of soil, water/ice saturated sediments, cold weather climates

A

solifluction

27
Q

the percentage of slope failure over a given area

A

incidence

28
Q

the probable degree to slope failure of rocks and soils due to natural or artificial cutting, loading of slopes, or anomalously high precipitation

A

susceptibility

29
Q

What case study does this describe: slope failure in 1995 then homes rebuilt, then rain in 2005 which moved debris and destroyed 15 homes

A

La Conchita, CA (2005)

30
Q

What effort may stabilize the base of slopes?

A

drains

30
Q

What case study does this describe: mud landslide engulfed a rural neighborhood, covered 1 square mile

A

Oso, WA (2014)

31
Q

steel rods in cement that stabilize inclined layers

A

rock bolts

Natural Disasters (2 decks)

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