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Science 9 > Volcanoes > Flashcards

Volcanoes Flashcards

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1
Q

An opening or vent that directly connects magma to the surface of the earth

A

Volcano

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2
Q

Describe the summit, crater, and conduit

A

Summit – highest point
Crater – mouth
Conduit – channel conveying magma

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3
Q

Magma comes from a large underground pool of molten rocks called…

A

Magma chamber or the magma reservoir

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4
Q

Classification of volcano that has erupted in recorded history and is likely to erupt at a future time

A

Active Volcano
i.e., Mount Mayon, Taal Volcano, and Mount Arayat

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5
Q

Classification of volcano in which the term is a substitute for the word extinct because the volcanoes may erupt in the future but have not erupted previously

A

Inactive, Dormant, or Sleeping Volcano

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6
Q

Structure of volcano in which it is a large, nearly perfect sloped structures; “tall, steep”
(high % of silica, viscous)

A

Composite or Stratovolcano
i.e., Mayon Volcano

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7
Q

Structure of volcano in which it is almost flat and broad; “flat dome”
(low % of silica, less viscous)

A

Shield Volcano
i.e., Mauna Loa

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8
Q

Structure of volcano in which it is usually smaller and formed when explosive materials flow

A

Cinder Cone Volcano or Scoria Cone
i.e., Paricutin

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9
Q

Structure of volcano in which it is found in an underwater volcanic range

A

Mid-ocean volcano

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10
Q

Structure of volcano in which it is a large depression on the ground

A

Caldera
i.e., Taal Volcano

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11
Q

Type of explosion is dependent on the composition of magma

A

True

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12
Q

Steam derived eruption as the hot rocks come in contact with water (no fresh magma reaches the surface)

A

Phreatic or Hydrothermal

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13
Q

Violent volcanic eruption due to the contact between water and magma

A

Phreatomagmatic

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14
Q

Periodic, weak to violent eruptions characterized by fountain lava
(regular or irregular intervals)

A

Strombolian

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15
Q

Powerful explosions in which materials can travel faster than 350 meters per seconds and rise several kilometers into the air

A

Vulcanian

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16
Q

Excessively explosive and violent type of eruption where gases boiling out of gas-rich magma generate massive and nearly continuous spurting blasts

A

Plinian

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17
Q

Most dangerous, most dramatic, and most violent when freshly erupted magma forms hot pyroclastic flows

A

Glowing Avalanche

18
Q

Mountains and seafloors were formed by volcanic eruptions

A

True

19
Q

The danger zone around volcanoes covers

A

32.187 km

20
Q

Volcanic lightning is caused by friction between the ash particles moving rapidly to the surface

A

True

21
Q

Volcanic eruptions can trigger natural disasters such as… (4)

A

Earthquakes
Mudflows
Tsunamis
Flash floods

22
Q

1) Core transfers heat to mantle
2) Heat melts the solid rock
3) The molten rock is magma
4) Magma rises through the mantle
5) Magma escapes through vents
6) Volcanic eruptions occur

A
  1. d.
  2. b.
  3. f.
  4. a.
  5. c.
  6. e.
23
Q

Volcanic hazards include… (4)

A

Mud Flow
Lava Flow
Ash Fall
Pyroclastic Flow

24
Q

Volcanic benefits include… (3)

A

Ash = nutrients
Lava = rocks and new landforms
Terraformation

25
Q

Products of crystal rocks and are rich in silica; formed at destructive rock boundaries

A

Magma

26
Q

Magma’s silica content affects it’s… or the resistance of the fluid to flow

A

Viscosity

27
Q

High or low? Lots of basalt

A

Low viscosity
Low temperature

28
Q

High or low? Rich in silica

A

High viscosity
High temperature

29
Q

Composition of magma in which…
Viscosity: Low
Gas: 1-2
Silica: 50%
Least Explosive
Formation: oceanic and continental

A

Basaltic Magma

30
Q

Composition of magma in which…
Viscosity: Mid
Gas: 3-4
Silica: 60%
Explosive
Formation: continental margins and subduction zones

A

Andesitic Magma

31
Q

Composition of magma in which…
Viscosity: High
Gas: 5-6
Silica: 70%
Most Explosive
Formation: continental crust

A

Rhyolitic Magma

32
Q

Process of decompression or crystallization (bubble)

A

Vesiculation

33
Q

Process of confining pressure is lowered when magma rises

A

Decompression

34
Q

Type of hazard in which pulverized rocks, sand, gritty and harsh glasses shoot out int he air by volcano

A

Ash Fall

35
Q

Type of hazard in which a mixture of water, molten rocks, and debris flow down from the side of a volcano to the ground; “LAHAR”

A

Mud Flow

36
Q

Streams of molten rocks and other fragmented materials emitted by erupting volcano

A

Lava Flow

37
Q

Fast moving hot mixtures of gas, ash, and molten rocks moving away from the volcano to the ground

A

Pyroclastic Flow

38
Q

The mantle is mostly solid but melts to become magma. Mid ocean ridges move apart and magma rises Seawater cools and solidifies magma to create pillow basalt. In subduction zones, oceanic plate drags water down with it. Water reduces the melting point. The rising magma cools, becoming silica-rich, thick and gloopy. Gas gets trapped as bubbles which explode at the surface.

A

True

39
Q

Volcanic ash produces very ideal soil for farming. Steams and water from volcanoes can be used to supply heat and electricity. Volcanic rock makes good building materials. Volcanoes, geysers, and bubbling pools make good tourist attractions. Valuable materials and metal are found near volcanic sites. Land is inexpensive and available for development.

A

Advantages of living near volcanoes

40
Q

VEI

A

Volcanic Explosivity Index

41
Q

Some magmas begin to crystallize as they reach the surface.

A

Crystal content

42
Q

It is the most abundant volcanic gas, followed by carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide.

A

Water Vapor

Science 9 (3 decks)

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