Volcanoes Flashcards
An opening or vent that directly connects magma to the surface of the earth
Volcano
Describe the summit, crater, and conduit
Summit – highest point
Crater – mouth
Conduit – channel conveying magma
Magma comes from a large underground pool of molten rocks called…
Magma chamber or the magma reservoir
Classification of volcano that has erupted in recorded history and is likely to erupt at a future time
Active Volcano
i.e., Mount Mayon, Taal Volcano, and Mount Arayat
Classification of volcano in which the term is a substitute for the word extinct because the volcanoes may erupt in the future but have not erupted previously
Inactive, Dormant, or Sleeping Volcano
Structure of volcano in which it is a large, nearly perfect sloped structures; “tall, steep”
(high % of silica, viscous)
Composite or Stratovolcano
i.e., Mayon Volcano
Structure of volcano in which it is almost flat and broad; “flat dome”
(low % of silica, less viscous)
Shield Volcano
i.e., Mauna Loa
Structure of volcano in which it is usually smaller and formed when explosive materials flow
Cinder Cone Volcano or Scoria Cone
i.e., Paricutin
Structure of volcano in which it is found in an underwater volcanic range
Mid-ocean volcano
Structure of volcano in which it is a large depression on the ground
Caldera
i.e., Taal Volcano
Type of explosion is dependent on the composition of magma
True
Steam derived eruption as the hot rocks come in contact with water (no fresh magma reaches the surface)
Phreatic or Hydrothermal
Violent volcanic eruption due to the contact between water and magma
Phreatomagmatic
Periodic, weak to violent eruptions characterized by fountain lava
(regular or irregular intervals)
Strombolian
Powerful explosions in which materials can travel faster than 350 meters per seconds and rise several kilometers into the air
Vulcanian
Excessively explosive and violent type of eruption where gases boiling out of gas-rich magma generate massive and nearly continuous spurting blasts
Plinian
Most dangerous, most dramatic, and most violent when freshly erupted magma forms hot pyroclastic flows
Glowing Avalanche
Mountains and seafloors were formed by volcanic eruptions
True
The danger zone around volcanoes covers
32.187 km
Volcanic lightning is caused by friction between the ash particles moving rapidly to the surface
True
Volcanic eruptions can trigger natural disasters such as… (4)
Earthquakes
Mudflows
Tsunamis
Flash floods
1) Core transfers heat to mantle
2) Heat melts the solid rock
3) The molten rock is magma
4) Magma rises through the mantle
5) Magma escapes through vents
6) Volcanic eruptions occur
- d.
- b.
- f.
- a.
- c.
- e.
Volcanic hazards include… (4)
Mud Flow
Lava Flow
Ash Fall
Pyroclastic Flow
Volcanic benefits include… (3)
Ash = nutrients
Lava = rocks and new landforms
Terraformation
