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Earth Science > Volcanoes > Flashcards

Volcanoes Flashcards

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1
Q

Study of the relief features of the Earth’s crust

A

Geomorphology

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2
Q
  • diastrophism
  • Erosion
  • Volcanism
A

3 forces that alter Earth’s surface

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3
Q

Roman God of fire

A

Volcano

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4
Q

extrusive volcanism typically cone-shaped that passes magma from the mantle to the crust.

A

volcano

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5
Q

75%(895) of volcanoes are found here.

A

Pacific Ring of fire

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6
Q

most striking part of a volcano that is composed of lava and pyroclastics.

A

Cone

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7
Q

Highes point or apex of a volcano

A

Summit

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8
Q

Side of a Volcano

A

Flank

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9
Q

Opening of the volcano where magma flows through

A

Vent

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10
Q

Basin-like depression over a vent

A

Crater

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11
Q

entrance of a volcano

A

Throat

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12
Q

Volcanic depression much larger than the original crater

A

Caldera

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13
Q

Barrier or obstacles in volcano and are called the veins of the volcano

A

Dike

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14
Q

intrusive sheets solidified lava flow that forces their way between and parallel to older layers of rock in the volcano

A

Sills

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15
Q

Pipe conveying magma

A

Conduit

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16
Q

Molten rock under the earth’s surface that collects 1 to 10 km bellow the surface

A

Magma

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17
Q

Fragmented material that consists of pumice, scoria, lithic materials or cryslals that are airborne and are dangerous to be inhaled

A

Tephra

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18
Q

deadly flow contains fast-moving volcanic matter which contains pumice, ash, and block flow, glowing and erupting clouds that causes avalanches.

A

Pyroclastic Flow

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19
Q

Rocks thrown out of a volcano that is at least 66 mm in size which becomes extrusive rocks

A

Volcanic bomb

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20
Q

Cloud of heated ash and tephra released into the clouds which produces highly charged particles in the air.

A

Eruption Column

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21
Q

Ash emitting from a volcano which can extend up to 12 miles above the vent

A

Ash cloud

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22
Q

thousands of kilometer in distance from the volcano

A

Ash rain

23
Q

mixture of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide which are emitted from the volcano that mixes with water.

A

Acid Rain

24
Q

Violent mudflow which consist of slurry pyroclastics mixed with rocky debris and water.

A

Lahar

25
Q

Openings stemming down to the magma chamber

A

cracks

26
Q

An Earthquake in which magma rises to the vents

A

Volcanic Earthquakes

27
Q

Caused by the magma’s pressure. and if insufficient, the magma will cool down over time and form hard rocks.

A

Volcanic Eruption

28
Q

Plates Drift

one plate slips beneath the edge of the other

A

Formation by subduction

29
Q

Process with the use of hotspots.

lithospheric extensions permit the passive rising of liquid material from shallow depths of waters

A

formation by distention

30
Q

Stage of the volcano where the eruptions are numerous and threatening.

A

young volcano / Active stage

31
Q

emission of acid gases and vapor which may cause hot springs to arise.

A

Fumarolic stage

32
Q

Last traces of volcanic heat disappears which may cause the volcano to reduce in size

not erupted in 2,000 years

A

Inactive stage / Dormant

33
Q

When volcanoes are not expected to erupt any time soon

Cut off from their lava supply

A

Extinct

34
Q

The liquid’s thickness and stickiness and how they resistance to flow.

A

Viscosity

35
Q

This is what effects the viscosity of lava, where the lower it is, the higher the viscosity, and if it’s higher the lower its viscosity.

A

Magma’s temperature

36
Q

Magma with __________, the more viscous than those with low silica content

A

HIgh silica content

37
Q

The magma that contains ________ si relatively fluid and travels far before solidifying.

A

Low silica content

38
Q

these when dissolved tends to increase its ability to flow

A

The amount of Gases Contained in Magma

39
Q

Type of volcano with steep conical hill formed above a vent

A

Cinder Cones

40
Q

Also known as stratovolcanoes which are made of alternating layers of pyroclastic materials and solidified lava.

A

Composite volcaoes.

41
Q

clustered group of vents

A

Conduit system

42
Q

Bread, gently sloping landform built by many layers of solidified lava.

A

Shield Volcanoes.

43
Q

Rounded, steep-sided mound that is formed by small masses of lava.

A

volcanic domes

44
Q

Produces the largest eruptions

A

Supervolcanoes.

45
Q

Magma erupts in underwater fissures of earth

A

Submarine Volcanoes

46
Q

Eruption beneath the surface of a glacier of sheets which is them melted into a lake by the rising magma.

A

Subglacial Volcanoes

47
Q

gas-driven and propels magma and tephra

A

Explosive Eruptions

48
Q

Outpouring of lava

A

Effusive Eruptions

49
Q

A metatype Eruption which is caused by gas release under decompression

A

Magmatic Eruptions

50
Q

A metatypy of Eruption which arise thermal contractions from chiling becomes in contact with water

A

Phreatomagmatic Eruption

51
Q

A metatype of Eruption which cejections of entrained particles during steam eruption

Steam-driven eruption which occurs when water is boiled into steam with magma causing high pressure and thus causing an explosion.

A

Phreatic Eruption

52
Q

Magmatic type of eruption which are the calmest of the eruptions

Effusive emissions of highly fluid basalt lava with low gas content from vents or lines of vents at the summit or on the flank of a volcano.

A

Hawaiian Eruption

53
Q

Type of magmatic eruption that is driven by a bursting of gas bubbles within the magma.

A

Strombolian Eruption

54
Q

This is an explosive type of magmatic volcano, which is caused by trapped gas in a relatively viscous magma becomes sufficient to blow off the overlying crust of solidified lava causing an explosion.

The materials ejected from the volcano came from older rocks instead of new magma.

A

Vulcanian Eruption\

Earth Science (1 decks)

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