Volcano Types Flashcards
What are all the types of volcanoes?
“Classical” Volcano, Shield Volcano, Stratovolcano, Scoria Cone, and Caldera
What are the characteristics of a “Classic” Volcano?
Feeder pipe from magma chamber, summit crater, flank eruption (parasitic cone), and alternated between passive- lava- and explosive- pyroclastic -eruptions.
What are the characteristics of a Shield Volcano?
Base diameter to 100 km and height to 10 km; slope <10 degrees. Made from basalt flows and long-lived; erupt basalt
What are examples of Shield Volcanoes?
Hawaiian volcanoes: Mauna Loa, Kilauea, Mauna Kea, Hualalai, and Kohala volcanoes
Largest volcano on Earth?
Tamu Massif in NW Pacific Ocean
What are characteristics of Stratovolcanoes?
Smaller than Shield volcanoes (not as broad base), have more steep flanks (about 30 degrees), constructed by explosive eruption that are usually rhyolite/andesite; characteristically on subduction zones
What is an example of a Stratovolcano?
Mt. Fuji in Japan
What are characteristics of Scoria (Cinder) Cones?
Base diameter about 1 km, height a few 100 m; slope 30 to 33 degrees. Parasitic on Shield Volcano; constructed from basaltic scoria; short-lived for about 1 to 100 years
How is a caldera different from a crater?
Calderas are bigger, elliptical in shape, steep vertical walls, and flat floor
How do calderas form?
Come from highly explosive volcanoes. Occurs when magma erupts quickly and inflates the roof and then deflates quickly. This causes a chamber collapse which creates a caldera.
Calderas in Western U.S.
Cascades, Yellowstone, Basin & Ridge, and Rio Grande Rift
What causes Cascades?
Occur because of subduction zones
What does Yellowstone occur because of?
It occurs because of hotspots.
What changed the subduction zone to a transform zone?
East Pacific Rise
What is the largest volcano in the solar system?
Olympus Mons on Mars
