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Julia Volcano Test > Volcano Test > Flashcards

Volcano Test Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 types of Tephra(pyroclastics)

A 
Ash
cinders, 
lapilli, 
bombs
blocks
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2
Q

What are the 3 gases that come from volcanoes

A

Water vapor (70-90%)
Carbon dioxide
Sulfur (stinks)

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of lave

A

Pahoehoe
AA
Pillow

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4
Q

Sizes if tephra small to big

A

Ash - less than 2mm like dust

Bombs - up to 1 meter across, ejected as liquid but hardens in the air

Blocks - can weigh several tons and is the largest

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5
Q

Pahoehoe lava traits

A
  • Highly fluid/moves quick
  • Congealed skin molds into billowing or ropy looking surfaces
  • Very hot
  • low viscosity
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6
Q

AA Lava

A

Rough and jagged blocks

Thick lavas press forward with a brittle crust

Cool temps

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7
Q

Pillow lava

A

Rounded like a pillow with a hard crust

Cooled underwater

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8
Q

What does a higher gas content in lave mean?

A

It’s more explosive

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9
Q

What are the 3 types of volcanoes

A

Shield, Composite, Cinder Cones

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10
Q

What is viscosity

A

Resistance to flow. Something that is less fluid and slow has a high viscosity. Something smooth and fluid has a low viscosity

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11
Q

How is viscosity affected

A

Temperature and composition

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12
Q

What is the composition of a volcanoes

A

Silica content , Felsic or mafic

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13
Q

How does temperature affect the viscosity of a volcanoes

A

Higher temps are less viscous meaning they flow faster and more fluid

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14
Q

How does silica affect a volcanoes viscosity

A

Felsic - high silica and high viscosity (it stiffer and less fluid)

Mafic - low silica and low viscosity

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15
Q

Is Felsic high or low silica

A

High

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16
Q

Is mafic high or low silica

A

Low

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17
Q

What controls the shape of a volcanoe

A

Composition of the volcano and temperature

18
Q

Characteristics of a Shield Volcano

A 
Broad, flat slope
Layered lava / quiet eruption
Basaltic (mafic) magma 
Low viscosity 
Mount Kea Hawaii and Belknap in the cascades
19
Q

Characteristics of Cinder Cone volcano

A 
Felsic with high gas content 
High viscosity 
Small with a steep side 
Lava butte in Oregon 
Made of layered tephra 
Explosive w/tephra ejected to make a cone shape
20
Q

Characteristics of a composite volcano

A

These make up the largest percent of the earths volcanos (60
Percent)
andestic magma , medium to high viscosity
Large 20,000 feet high
Mt Hood
Alternative layers of lava and tephra. Can be quiet and very explosive

21
Q

What are tools a scientist uses to predict or forecast volcanic eruptions

A 
Seismic (earthquake activity)
Increased gas (CO2 and sulfur)
Deformation - physical changes like buldging
Increased snow melt(heat) 
Rock analysis
22
Q

What are cinder come volcanos made up of?

A

Tephra

23
Q

Is AA lave high or low viscosity

A

High (moves slow)

24
Q

Is Pahoehoe lava high or low viscosity

A

Low (it’s fluid)

25
Q

What is crater lake

A

A caldera

26
Q

What type of lava and magma is underwater

A

Pillow and Basaltic

27
Q

Is a lava flow a hazard?

A

Yes it can destroy everything in its path

28
Q

Are tephras a hazards

A

Yes if people are close to the volcano. Larger blocks and bombs flying out, ash near crops and livestock or ever airplanes

29
Q

What is a Lahar

A

A volcanic hazard that is a debris flow of mud, rocks and water, this can kill the most people and is the
Most dangerous

30
Q

What are lava domes

A

Volcano hazard Created when very viscous magma builds up and creates and unstable slope

31
Q

What is a pyroclastic flow

A

High speed avalanche of gas, rock and hot ash during and eruption or when a lava dome collapses

32
Q

Are gases a volcanic hazard

A

Yes carbon dioxide and sulfur are dangerous . Carbon dioxide can suffocate humans and animals, sulfur can create acid rain and is an ozone destroyer

33
Q

How does viscosity affect gas content

A

High viscosity traps gas and is explosive and low viscosity releases gas and it a mellow eruption

34
Q

How was crater lake formed

A

It’s a caldera and was formed when a Mount Manama volcano erupts and there is an empty space in the magma chamber and the volcanic cone collapses leaving a crater

35
Q

What is a crater

A

Smaller than a caldera

36
Q

What is a Felsic eruption

A

High silica , high viscosity, lots of trapped gas and very explosive

37
Q

What is a mafic eruption

A

Low silica, low viscosity, not a lot of gases and non violent eruption

38
Q

Mount Hood

A

Last erupted in 1805, eruptions of growth and lava domes, most likely scenarios is the collapse of lava dome near crater rock that would cause pyroclastic flows and lahars

39
Q

Mount Rainier

A

Most dangerous volcano in cascades , large lahars of ice and snow could kill lots of people in the area

40
Q

South sisters

A

Last erupted 2,000 years ago, it was bulging at the base but nothing now

41
Q

Mount Bachelor

A

Poses little threat erupted 8-10,000 years ago

Julia Volcano Test (1 decks)

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