volcano case studies

Question 1

iceland- plate boundary and lava

Answer 1

constructive plate
balsaltic lava
theres a glacier above the volcano

Question 2

iceland- warning signs and hazards

Answer 2

shallow earthquakes, deformation of the crust and minor eruptions

HAZARDS- 10km high ash plume, earthquakes and flooding of jokulhaup river from melting glacier

Question 3

iceland-impacts

Answer 3

ECONOMIC-ash plume stopped 100,000 flights in europe which caused them to loose $2.6 billion GDP
ash made soil more fertile so farmers could produce grapes and rapeseed oil

SOCIAL- 700 people evacuated due to flooding of glaciers
ash contaminated drinking water
ash caused respiratory illnesses for locals

ENVIRO- due to flight ban, 2.8 million less tonnes of co2 were produced
fluoride deposits on grazing land poisoned animals

Question 4

iceland- management

Answer 4

IMMEDIATE- 700 locals evacuated and 100,00 flights cancelled

LONG TERM- icelandic government rebuilt river banks to be higher

Question 5

iceland-prepardness

Answer 5

this event was tracked by satelittes
texts were sent out 30 mins before
diggers were positioned to dam rivers

Question 6

iceland- extra info

Answer 6

its a HIC
most of the land is used for agriculture
it was a scale 4 eruption lasting 39 days

Question 7

montserrat- plate boundary and lava

Answer 7

destructive plate boundary

composite cone volcano erupting andesitic magma which is viscous (explosive)

Question 8

montserrat warning signs and hazards

Answer 8

-1995 there were earthquakes and small eruptions, lava dome began to grow
-1997 earthquakes caused a pyroclastic flow
and there were 74 magmatic eruptions

Question 9

montserrat- impacts

Answer 9

ECONOMIC- most buildings in capital (plymouth) were destroyed
£1 billion in losses

SOCIAL- 19 people died when lava dome collapsed
2/3 of homes destroyed
by 1998 70% of the population had left the island
50% of water supplies destroyed
no universities in montserrat limited prospects

ENVIRO- vegetation and farmland destroyed
60% of island declared unsafe

Question 10

montserrat- management

Answer 10

IMMEDIATE- £17 million in aid from uk
temporary shelter built in the north
large scale evacuation by british navy

LONG TERM-no long term contingency plan
£41 million in aid to help north of island redevelop
new hospital was built from a school
an exclusion zone set up in the volcanic region
a volcanic observatory built to monitor eruption
1998- residents were granted full residency to the uk if they wanted to migrate

Question 11

montserrat prepardness

Answer 11

there were no emergency plans

after signs in 1995 no one evacuated as they didnt think it was long term

Question 12

montserrat- extra info

Answer 12

still half of the land is uninhabitable
30% of land is agriculture and 20% is arable
it had a VEI of 3 and lasted 18 weeks