Volcano

Question 1

Volcano

Answer 1

an opening in the Earth’s crust formed by moving tectonic plates which create the volcano’s geological structure

Question 2

Magma Chamber

Answer 2

located beneath the Earth’s crust (asthenosphere). It is an underground reservoir where molten rock is stored.

Question 3

Vent

Answer 3

the main hole or opening through which magma, gas, and volcanic ash are expelled during eruption.

Question 4

Crater

Answer 4

the bowl-shaped rim around the vent located on top of the volcano which helps shape the volcano

Question 5

Conduit

Answer 5

the narrow pipe serving as the passageway for magma to travel from the chamber to the surface of the Earth.

Question 6

Shield Volcano

Answer 6

• broad and gentle slopes resembling a warrior’s shield
• lowest type of volcano in height
  non-explosive eruptions meaning lava only - flows out in all directions and forms large and wide structures
• low-viscosity lava or thin lava that is runny and flows easily

Question 7

Stratovolcano

Answer 7

• Is the only volcano with side vents
• Typically large and towering it is shaped like an upside-down cone
• Steep sides result from an accumulation of lava flows due to its high-viscosity lava

Question 8

Cinder Cone Volcano

Answer 8

• small and has a bowl-shaped crater
• An explosive volcano but are less violent than stratovolcanoes
• Balsatic meaning the lava is not as viscous as stratovolcano but still thick enough to create pyroclastic explosions

Question 9

Lava Dome

Answer 9

Have steep sides due to thick, high-viscosity lava which accumulates at the crater when eruption occurs

Question 10

Effusive Eruption

Answer 10

Involve steady and outpouring of lava from a volcano. These eruptions have low-viscosity lava, meaning it easily spreads out over wide areas and creates lakes and rivers of molten rock.

Question 11

Explosive Eruption

Answer 11

Violent and can cause significant destruction. These eruptions happen when magma is highly viscous, trapping gas and forming high pressure within the volcano, ultimately leading to a violent explosion due to the build-up of high pressure.

Question 12

Phreatomagmatic Eruption

Answer 12

It occurs when magma resurfaces and comes into contact with water. This interaction between hot magma and water creates steam, leading to a powerful eruption.

Question 13

Phreatic Eruption

Answer 13

It occurs when water is heated by hot rocks (magma), causing a steam-driven explosion. This type of eruption does not involve magma but can still be violent.

Question 14

Plinian Eruption

Answer 14

The strongest eruption, forming enormous, dark ash columns. It includes very viscous lava which traps gas, leading to extreme pressure build up. Pyroclastic flows are common.

Question 15

Strombolian Eruption

Answer 15

They are moderate explosions involving viscous lava to form explosive bursts but not as thick as the magma in more violent eruptions. These eruptions are short-lived but can happen regularly.

Question 16

Hawaiian Eruption

Answer 16

It involves a more vigorous type of explosion where magma gets shot up high in the air and involves a steady outpouring of runny lava, creating lava rivers.

Question 17

Vulcanian Eruption

Answer 17

They are moderately explosive but internment (paputol-putol). It produces thick and dark ash columns.

Question 18

Hydrothermal Eruption

Answer 18

It occurs when hot water produces high-pressured steam, shooting out rocks. This type of explosion occurs near bodies of water.