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Science > Volcano > Flashcards

Volcano Flashcards

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1
Q

> is a natural opening or vents in the surface of the Earth (Earth’s Crust) where molten rocks, hot gases, smoke, and ash are ejected.
is a mountain that opens downward to a pool of molten rock (magma) below the surface of the earth

A

Volcano

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2
Q

Characteristics of a volcano

A

It is a mountain
It has a crater on the top
An opening in the Earth’s surface
It gives up a hot lava or gases
It can be found in land and water

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3
Q

OUTER PARTS OF A VOLCANO

A

SUMMIT
SLOPE
BASE

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4
Q

peak or highest point of a volcano. At here, there is an opening which may either be a crater or a caldera.

A

Summit

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5
Q

is a tunnel-shaped opening at the top of a volcano

A

Crater

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6
Q

is formed when a part of the wall collapses following an explosive eruption.

A

Caldera

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7
Q

degree of slant; inclination of a volcano

A

Slope

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8
Q

bottom part of a volcano where it stands

A

Base

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9
Q

TYPES OF VOLCANO
ACCORDING TO VOLCANIC ACTIVITY (PHIVOLCS)

A

ACTIVE VOLCANO
INACTIVE VOLCANO
DORMANT VOLCANO
EXTINCT VOLCANO

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10
Q

are those that have a record of eruption within the last 600 years or those that erupted 10, 000 years ago based on analysis of their materials.

A

ACTIVE VOLCANO

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11
Q

Examples: (Active)

A

Mt. Mayon (Bicol)
Mt. Taal (Batangas) and
Mt. Pinatubo Zambales)

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12
Q

are those that have not erupted for the last 10, 000 years and their physical form is being changed by agents of weathering and erosion through formation of deep and long gullies.

A

INACTIVE VOLCANO

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13
Q

Examples: (Inactive)

A

Mt. Cabaluyan (Pangasinan)
Mt. Cocoro (Palawan)
Mt. Tamburok (Leyte)

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14
Q

are those that have not erupted for the last 10, 000 years and their physical form is being changed by agents of weathering and erosion through formation of deep and long gullies but may erupt sooner or later.

A

DORMANT VOLCANO

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15
Q

are those that have not erupted or erupted for the last 10, 000 years and their physical form is being changed by agents of weathering and erosion through formation of deep and long gullies but may NOT erupt until a long period of time.

A

EXTINCT VOLCANO

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16
Q

is also called as scoria cone. Is that the simplest, most typical type, and features a characteristic conoid.

A

CINDER CONE

17
Q

Cinder Cones are Characterized by?

A

narrow base and steep slope

18
Q

Examples: (Cinder)

A

Paricutin in Mexico, Taal in Batangas

19
Q

observed as strato-volcanoes, it includes a number of the world’s grandest mountains.
A tall conical mountain composed of an alternating layer of lava-flow,

A

COMPOSITE VOLCANO

20
Q

Composite are formed and characterized by?

A

formed from alternate solidification of lava and cinders characterized by large and symmetrical slope.

21
Q

Examples: (Composite)

A

Fujiyama, Mt. Mayon (Bicol) and Kanlaon in (Negros Occ. )

22
Q

are huge, gently sloped volcanoes that just about exclusively erupts basaltic lava and include a number of the biggest volcanoes within the world. it’s built by many layers of low-viscous lava flows.

A

SHIELD VOLCANO

23
Q

Shield is formed by?

A

formed by accumulation of lava resulting in a broad, slightly domed structure that resembles a warrior’s shield

24
Q

Examples: (Shield)

A

Kilauea and Mauna Loa (Hawaiian Island)

25
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING VOLCANO’S ERUPTIVE SYLES AND VISCOSITY
OF MAGMA

A

> Magma’s temperature
• Chemical composition (Silica content)
Amount of dissolved gases

26
Q

the property of the material’s resistance to flow. It is also described as the liquid’s thickness and stickiness.

A

VISCOSITY

27
Q

Magmas with high silica content are more viscous than those with low silica content.

A

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

28
Q

Other factors being equal, gas (mainly water vapor) dissolved in magma tends to increase its ability to flow.

A

AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED GASES

29
Q

TYPES OF VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

A

Phreatic or hydrothermal
Strombolian
Phreatomagmatic
Vulcanian
Plinian

30
Q

is a stream-driven eruption
as the hot rocks come in contact with water. It is shortlived, characterized by ash columns but may be an onset of a
larger eruption.

A

Phreatic or hydrothermal
Mt. Taal

31
Q

a violent reaction due to the contact between water and magma. As a result, a large column of very fine ash and high-speed and sideway emission of pyroclastic called base surges are observed.

A

Phreatomagmatic
Mt. Kanlaon

32
Q

A periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain lava.

A

Strombolian
Mt. Irazu

33
Q

characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km high with pyroclastic flow and ashfall tephra.

A

Vulcanian
Mt. Paricutin

34
Q

excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastics.

A

Plinian
Mt. St. Helens

35
Q

The earth is believed to be extremely hot from within. Earth’s interior is a source of energy called?

A

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

36
Q

The heat of the Earth warms up water which is trapped in rock formations beneath its surface.

A

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

37
Q

Geothermal energy is generated in two ways:

A

Geothermal powerplants
Geothermal heat pumps

38
Q

the heat from deep inside the Earth is used to produce steam to generate electricity

A

Geothermal powerplants

39
Q

use the heat coming from close to the Earth’s surface to heat water or provide heat for buildings.

A

Geothermal heat pumps

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