Volcano Flashcards
> is a natural opening or vents in the surface of the Earth (Earth’s Crust) where molten rocks, hot gases, smoke, and ash are ejected.
is a mountain that opens downward to a pool of molten rock (magma) below the surface of the earth
Volcano
Characteristics of a volcano
It is a mountain
It has a crater on the top
An opening in the Earth’s surface
It gives up a hot lava or gases
It can be found in land and water
OUTER PARTS OF A VOLCANO
SUMMIT
SLOPE
BASE
peak or highest point of a volcano. At here, there is an opening which may either be a crater or a caldera.
Summit
is a tunnel-shaped opening at the top of a volcano
Crater
is formed when a part of the wall collapses following an explosive eruption.
Caldera
degree of slant; inclination of a volcano
Slope
bottom part of a volcano where it stands
Base
TYPES OF VOLCANO
ACCORDING TO VOLCANIC ACTIVITY (PHIVOLCS)
ACTIVE VOLCANO
INACTIVE VOLCANO
DORMANT VOLCANO
EXTINCT VOLCANO
are those that have a record of eruption within the last 600 years or those that erupted 10, 000 years ago based on analysis of their materials.
ACTIVE VOLCANO
Examples: (Active)
Mt. Mayon (Bicol)
Mt. Taal (Batangas) and
Mt. Pinatubo Zambales)
are those that have not erupted for the last 10, 000 years and their physical form is being changed by agents of weathering and erosion through formation of deep and long gullies.
INACTIVE VOLCANO
Examples: (Inactive)
Mt. Cabaluyan (Pangasinan)
Mt. Cocoro (Palawan)
Mt. Tamburok (Leyte)
are those that have not erupted for the last 10, 000 years and their physical form is being changed by agents of weathering and erosion through formation of deep and long gullies but may erupt sooner or later.
DORMANT VOLCANO
are those that have not erupted or erupted for the last 10, 000 years and their physical form is being changed by agents of weathering and erosion through formation of deep and long gullies but may NOT erupt until a long period of time.
EXTINCT VOLCANO
is also called as scoria cone. Is that the simplest, most typical type, and features a characteristic conoid.
CINDER CONE
Cinder Cones are Characterized by?
narrow base and steep slope
Examples: (Cinder)
Paricutin in Mexico, Taal in Batangas
observed as strato-volcanoes, it includes a number of the world’s grandest mountains.
A tall conical mountain composed of an alternating layer of lava-flow,
COMPOSITE VOLCANO
Composite are formed and characterized by?
formed from alternate solidification of lava and cinders characterized by large and symmetrical slope.
Examples: (Composite)
Fujiyama, Mt. Mayon (Bicol) and Kanlaon in (Negros Occ. )
are huge, gently sloped volcanoes that just about exclusively erupts basaltic lava and include a number of the biggest volcanoes within the world. it’s built by many layers of low-viscous lava flows.
SHIELD VOLCANO
Shield is formed by?
formed by accumulation of lava resulting in a broad, slightly domed structure that resembles a warrior’s shield
Examples: (Shield)
Kilauea and Mauna Loa (Hawaiian Island)
FACTORS AFFECTING VOLCANO’S ERUPTIVE SYLES AND VISCOSITY
OF MAGMA
> Magma’s temperature
• Chemical composition (Silica content)
Amount of dissolved gases
the property of the material’s resistance to flow. It is also described as the liquid’s thickness and stickiness.
VISCOSITY
Magmas with high silica content are more viscous than those with low silica content.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Other factors being equal, gas (mainly water vapor) dissolved in magma tends to increase its ability to flow.
AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED GASES
TYPES OF VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
Phreatic or hydrothermal
Strombolian
Phreatomagmatic
Vulcanian
Plinian
is a stream-driven eruption
as the hot rocks come in contact with water. It is shortlived, characterized by ash columns but may be an onset of a
larger eruption.
Phreatic or hydrothermal
Mt. Taal
a violent reaction due to the contact between water and magma. As a result, a large column of very fine ash and high-speed and sideway emission of pyroclastic called base surges are observed.
Phreatomagmatic
Mt. Kanlaon
A periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain lava.
Strombolian
Mt. Irazu
characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km high with pyroclastic flow and ashfall tephra.
Vulcanian
Mt. Paricutin
excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastics.
Plinian
Mt. St. Helens
The earth is believed to be extremely hot from within. Earth’s interior is a source of energy called?
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
The heat of the Earth warms up water which is trapped in rock formations beneath its surface.
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
Geothermal energy is generated in two ways:
Geothermal powerplants
Geothermal heat pumps
the heat from deep inside the Earth is used to produce steam to generate electricity
Geothermal powerplants
use the heat coming from close to the Earth’s surface to heat water or provide heat for buildings.
Geothermal heat pumps
