Volcano Flashcards
Why do you think volcanoes develop side
vents if they already have a big main vent?
They develop side vents due to pressure release, the main vent could have been blocked or damaged causing pressure, making a side vent.
Where do volcanoes form?
volcanoes often form in boundaries such as the divergent boundary, convergent boundary, and transform boundary.
What are “Hot-spots?”
Hotspots are regions at the tectonic plate where most eruptions occur.
What are the two plate boundaries?
Divergent plate boundary, and Convergent plate boundary.
Describe a “Divergent plate boundary”
A divergent plate boundary forms gaps that occur between two tectonic plates moving from each other. when molten magma is present, it will fill in the gaps.
- the lava that will reach the surface forms a volcano.
Describe a “Convergent plate boundary”
A convergent plate boundary is the collision between two tectonic plates.
this can also happen between two oceanic plates.
Give an example of a convergence between oceanic and continental plates.
The Pacific Ring of Fire is an example of a convergence between an oceanic and continental plate.
Do you think different tectonic boundaries
would produce different types of
volcanoes? Why or why not?
different tectonic boundaries do produce different types of volcanoes. this is due to the influence of the geological processes occurring at a specific plate boundary.
give me the 4 types of volcanoes.
cinder-cone volcano
composite volcano
shield volcano
lava dome
define a “cinder-cone volcano”
- also known as scoria cones, appear in a bowl shape crater
- the crater is formed when lava is expelled into the air and broke into small fragments
define a “composite volcano”
also known as stratovolcanoes
- very tall, known to erupt violently
define a “shield volcano”
Formed from fluid lava
flow, mostly from ocean
floors, to form islands
describe an “active volcano”
a volcano that has erupted within the last 600 years is considered to be an active volcano.
describe a “potentially active volcano”
aka, dormant.
- no record of eruptions, but has suspected seismic activity and magma movements
- has a chance of erupting.
describe “inactive volcanoes”
volcanoes that have been extinct.
- no record of eruptions, cut of magma supply.
describe what an effusive eruption is.
An effusive eruption is when lava overflows causing lava to flow out of the volcano without going into the air. this type of explosion is much more calm.
describe an explosive eruption
an explosive eruption is an eruption much more violent than a effusive, it bursts lava out from the sky causing massive destruction.
describe the vulcanian eruption
compared to hawaiian, vulcanian eruptions are much more explosive than hawaiaan and strobolian.
this eruption releases a lot of gas, fragments and ash into the air.
describe the strombolian eruption
erupts quite frequently, small explosions that emit ash, cinders, and bobs of lava into the air.
describe a Hawaiian eruption
in this eruption, lava flows out quite slowly, it is not relatively that violent
describe a plinian eruption
most explosive type of eruption, emits large amounts of ash, and gasses into the air. this eruption forms a mushroom-shaped cloud. it can rise several kilometers into the air.
describe a pelean eruption
when a volcanic vent is blocked it causes a catastrophic eruption:
- lava flows at extreme speeds.
describe an Icelandic eruption
not that catastrophic, mostly gentle compared to other eruptions
lava can flow vast distances, creating a lava field.
where is magma formed
at the earth’s crust.
solid components of magma
ash
mineral crystals
rock bits
gas components of magma
water vapor
carbon dioxide
sulfur dioxide
explain the difference between magma and lava
magma is a molten rock underneath the earth’s surface while lava is a molten rock that is outside the earth’s surface.
describe pahoehoe lava
flows smoothly
describe AA Lava
vicious lava
what are pyroclastic materials?
different types of rock fragments released during an eruption
what are fumaroles
holes around the volcanic region where hot gas and vapor comes out
what are different ways you can predict if a volcanic eruption will occur
seismic activity, changes in animal behavior, emission of gas, and many more.
explain to me what geothermal energy is
geothermal energy is when volcanic energy is used to generate electricity, heat and many more. this is done with geothermal powerplants which take heat from the earth’s crust.
geothermal agriculture
water is used to warm green house during winter
geothermal aquaculture
heats up water so fish are able to survive during the winter
