Volcano

Question 1

Why do you think volcanoes develop side
vents if they already have a big main vent?

Answer 1

They develop side vents due to pressure release, the main vent could have been blocked or damaged causing pressure, making a side vent.

Question 2

Where do volcanoes form?

Answer 2

volcanoes often form in boundaries such as the divergent boundary, convergent boundary, and transform boundary.

Question 3

What are “Hot-spots?”

Answer 3

Hotspots are regions at the tectonic plate where most eruptions occur.

Question 4

What are the two plate boundaries?

Answer 4

Divergent plate boundary, and Convergent plate boundary.

Question 5

Describe a “Divergent plate boundary”

Answer 5

A divergent plate boundary forms gaps that occur between two tectonic plates moving from each other. when molten magma is present, it will fill in the gaps.

• the lava that will reach the surface forms a volcano.

Question 6

Describe a “Convergent plate boundary”

Answer 6

A convergent plate boundary is the collision between two tectonic plates.

this can also happen between two oceanic plates.

Question 7

Give an example of a convergence between oceanic and continental plates.

Answer 7

The Pacific Ring of Fire is an example of a convergence between an oceanic and continental plate.

Question 8

Do you think different tectonic boundaries
would produce different types of
volcanoes? Why or why not?

Answer 8

different tectonic boundaries do produce different types of volcanoes. this is due to the influence of the geological processes occurring at a specific plate boundary.

Question 9

give me the 4 types of volcanoes.

Answer 9

cinder-cone volcano
composite volcano
shield volcano
lava dome

Question 10

define a “cinder-cone volcano”

Answer 10

• also known as scoria cones, appear in a bowl shape crater
• the crater is formed when lava is expelled into the air and broke into small fragments

Question 11

define a “composite volcano”

Answer 11

also known as stratovolcanoes

• very tall, known to erupt violently

Question 12

define a “shield volcano”

Answer 12

Formed from fluid lava
flow, mostly from ocean
floors, to form islands

Question 13

describe an “active volcano”

Answer 13

a volcano that has erupted within the last 600 years is considered to be an active volcano.

Question 14

describe a “potentially active volcano”

Answer 14

aka, dormant.

• no record of eruptions, but has suspected seismic activity and magma movements
• has a chance of erupting.

Question 15

describe “inactive volcanoes”

Answer 15

volcanoes that have been extinct.

• no record of eruptions, cut of magma supply.

Question 16

describe what an effusive eruption is.

Answer 16

An effusive eruption is when lava overflows causing lava to flow out of the volcano without going into the air. this type of explosion is much more calm.

Question 17

describe an explosive eruption

Answer 17

an explosive eruption is an eruption much more violent than a effusive, it bursts lava out from the sky causing massive destruction.

Question 18

describe the vulcanian eruption

Answer 18

compared to hawaiian, vulcanian eruptions are much more explosive than hawaiaan and strobolian.

this eruption releases a lot of gas, fragments and ash into the air.

Question 19

describe the strombolian eruption

Answer 19

erupts quite frequently, small explosions that emit ash, cinders, and bobs of lava into the air.

Question 20

describe a Hawaiian eruption

Answer 20

in this eruption, lava flows out quite slowly, it is not relatively that violent

Question 21

describe a plinian eruption

Answer 21

most explosive type of eruption, emits large amounts of ash, and gasses into the air. this eruption forms a mushroom-shaped cloud. it can rise several kilometers into the air.

Question 22

describe a pelean eruption

Answer 22

when a volcanic vent is blocked it causes a catastrophic eruption:

• lava flows at extreme speeds.

Question 23

describe an Icelandic eruption

Answer 23

not that catastrophic, mostly gentle compared to other eruptions

lava can flow vast distances, creating a lava field.

Question 24

where is magma formed

Answer 24

at the earth’s crust.

Question 25

solid components of magma

Answer 25

ash
mineral crystals
rock bits

Question 26

gas components of magma

Answer 26

water vapor
carbon dioxide
sulfur dioxide

Question 27

explain the difference between magma and lava

Answer 27

magma is a molten rock underneath the earth’s surface while lava is a molten rock that is outside the earth’s surface.

Question 28

describe pahoehoe lava

Answer 28

flows smoothly

Question 29

describe AA Lava

Answer 29

vicious lava

Question 30

what are pyroclastic materials?

Answer 30

different types of rock fragments released during an eruption

Question 31

what are fumaroles

Answer 31

holes around the volcanic region where hot gas and vapor comes out

Question 32

what are different ways you can predict if a volcanic eruption will occur

Answer 32

seismic activity, changes in animal behavior, emission of gas, and many more.

Question 33

explain to me what geothermal energy is

Answer 33

geothermal energy is when volcanic energy is used to generate electricity, heat and many more. this is done with geothermal powerplants which take heat from the earth’s crust.

Question 34

geothermal agriculture

Answer 34

water is used to warm green house during winter

Question 35

geothermal aquaculture

Answer 35

heats up water so fish are able to survive during the winter