Volcano Flashcards
What is a volcano
A volcano is an opening or vent in the surface through which molten material erupts and solidifies as lava
Main vent
The pipe up the middle of the volcano
Magma chamber
Source of the molten rock
Crater
The depression at the top of the vent
Parasitic cone
Secondary cone forming on the side of a volcano
Volcanic bombs
Airborne material from the volcano
Active volcano meaning
Recently erupted expected to happen again
Dormant volcano
Hasn’t erupted for years but still could erupt
Extinct volcano
Has not had an eruption for atleast 10,000 years and is not expected to erupt again
What is a composite volcano
These are volcanies with alternate layers of lava and ash
Shield volcano
These are volcanoes with gently sloping sides formed by basaltic lava
Composite volcano lava
Highly viscous
Shield volcano lava
Low viscosity
How does lava effect shape of volcano (composite)
The thicker (highly viscous) lava creates a steep gradient
How does lava effect shape of volcano (shield)
The thinner (low viscous) lava leads to a smoother ans gentle gradient
What can you measure volcanic eruptions with
Vei - volcanic explosivity index
What is a hot spot
An area of extreme localised heat within the mantle
Hot spot examples
Indonesia and hawaii
Volcano case study is on
Mount ontake
Mount ontake background facts
Age - 100,000 years old
Eruption - september 27,2014
Type - composite volcano;inactive
Vei - 3
Causes of mount ontake
Caused by the Amounts of pressure within the magma chamber
Consequences of mount ontake
Death toll - 57
Buildings - covered in ash
Responses to mount ontake
Public awareness
Volcanic disaster risk and management increase
Why live near volcanoes
Environmental - Agriculture - fertile land/minerals from lava
Economic - tourism,geothermal energy
Social - cultural and religious reasons; schooling
Volcanic hazards
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