volcanism/igneous rocks Flashcards
boyle’s law
when temperature goes up, pressure goes up
a slow cooling, intrusive rock
plutonic
a volcanic rock with vesicles
scoria
black rock, cools very fast, volcanic glass
obsidian
cloud of ash, lapilla, blocks, and bombs
pyroclastic cloud
material that comes out of volcano
tephra
rock made of volcanic material
tuff
is granite intrusive or extrusive?
intrusive
is rhiolite intrusive or extrusive?
extrusive
is diorite intrusive or extrusive?
intrusive
is andesite intrusive or extrusive?
extrusive
is gabbro intrusive or extrusive?
intrusive
is basalt intrusive or extrusive?
extrusive
large crystals are…..
intrusive
teeny crystals are…..
extrusive
large crystal that cools very slowly
phenocryst
cut through grain of rock in the ground
dike
full of malleable material pushing it’s way to the surface - oozing
diapir
dikes that come together- can be big and form large structures
plutons
large cooled plutons
batholiths
blister-looking, flatter, cooled plutons
laccoliths
downward blister of cooled plutons
lopolith
magma splits into two compositions of rock, one more mafic than the other, makes layers
fractionation
result of a giant volcanic eruption or series of eruptions covering large land or the ocean floor with basalt lava. Many flood basalts have been attributed to the onset of a hotspot reaching the surface of the earth via a mantle plume
flood basalts
flatter volcano
shield volcano
big pointy volcano
strato volcano
hotspots are volcanic locales thought to be fed by an underlying mantle that is anomalously hot compared with the surrounding mantle
hotspots
