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3RD MONTHLY REVIEWER > Volcanism > Flashcards

Volcanism Flashcards

1
Q

phenomenon of eruption of molten lava

A

Volcanism

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2
Q

Underground molten rocks

A

Magma

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3
Q

Why does magma rise to the surface?

A

Because molten rocks are dense, they are more likely to rise to the surface due to the pressure.
A magma chamber may be squeezed by tectonic plates which will then rise because of the pressure.

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4
Q

a hill, mountain, or fissure that ejects molten rocks, hot gases, and ash.
a crater formed by the removal of pre-existing materials/ejected materials.

A

Volcano

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5
Q

opening of a volcano that ejects materials. It is connected to the magma chamber.

A

Vent

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6
Q

long narrow cracks in the crust.

A

Fissures

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7
Q

secondary vents. Only emits gases

A

Fumaroles

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8
Q

circular depression over a vent.

A

Crater

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9
Q

Unusually large depressions that exceed 1km in distance.

A

Calderas

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10
Q

underground pool of liquid rock.

A

Magma chamber

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11
Q

the most striking part.

A

Cone

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12
Q

intrusive sheets

A

Sills

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13
Q

the rock or magma expelled during a volcano

A

Lava

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14
Q

The barrier of a volcano

A

Dikes

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15
Q

pipe conveying liquid materials.

A

Conduit

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16
Q

side of a volcano

A

Flank

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17
Q

Highest point.

A

Summit

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18
Q

Entrance

A

Throat

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19
Q

composed of pulverized rock and glass that is expelled in the atmosphere.

A

Ash cloud

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20
Q

chunks of lava blasted into the air.

A

Volcanic bombs

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21
Q

fast moving currents of hot gasses and rock

A

Pyroclastic flow

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22
Q

fragmented material

A

Tephra fall

23
Q

mudflows, mixture of volcanic debris and water.

A

Lahar

24
Q

Types of volcanoes

A

Cinder, composite, shield, volcanic domes

25
Q

aka scoria cones; simplest type. Built from ejected lava fragments. Examples: Taal and Paricutin

A

Cinder cones

26
Q

stratovolcano; Produced when viscous lava of andesite composition flows out over a long time. Examples: Mayon and Fuji

A

Composite volcano

27
Q

board and gently sloping. Formed by less viscous basaltic lava flows. Examples: Kilauea and Mauna Loa

A

Shield volcano

28
Q

aka lava dome; round, steep-sided mound.

A

Volcanic Domes

29
Q

Types of volcanic eruptions

A

Phreatic, vulcanian, strombolian, pelean, phreatomagmatic. Plinian

30
Q

driven by steam when groundwater is heated.

A

Phreatic

31
Q

results from the release of large amounts of accumulated magmatic gas.

A

Vulcanian

32
Q

lava fountains and outbursts of molten lava

A

Strombolian

33
Q

occurs when gas rich lava accumulates to form a dome.

A

Pelean

34
Q

results from the eruption of magmatic gases

A

Phreatomagmatic

35
Q

a violent explosion with voluminous ejections of pumice and ash flows

A

Plinian

36
Q

How do volcanoes form?

A

Volcanoes are formed when there is a rich source of magma on the surface or underwater.

37
Q

Where are they formed?

A

On Convergent plate boundaries, divergent plate boundaries, and hot spots

38
Q

Volcanoes are often formed here because magma is abundant in subduction zones. Subduction zones are places where a heavier plate moves under another causing it to form trenches, a long narrow depression. As one plate descends, the pressure and temperature increases causing rocks to melt and become magma and the magma will then be pushed out of the surface.

A

Convergent Plate Boundaries

39
Q

long narrow depression

A

trenches

40
Q

places where a heavier plate moves under another causing it to form trenches

A

Subduction zones

41
Q

The most active chain of volcanoes can be found in

A

the Pacific Ring of Fire.

42
Q

Volcanoes can be formed along the oceanic ridge system.

A

Divergent Plate Boundaries

43
Q

long, narrow chain of folds in the oceanic crust produced by diverging plate boundaries in the asthenosphere.

A

Ridge

44
Q

zone with weak materials below the lithosphere.

A

Asthenosphere

45
Q

a valley that separates ridges.

A

Rift

46
Q

location of active seafloor spreading located in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.

A

Mid-atlantic ridge

47
Q

volcanic regions like the island of Hawaii.

A

Hot spots

48
Q

the resistance of fluid to flow

A

Viscosity

49
Q

Types of Magma According to Viscosity

A

Granitic, Basaltic, Andesitic

50
Q

most silica. Highest viscosity

A

Granitic

51
Q

least silica. Lowest viscosity

A

Basaltic

52
Q

inbetween

A

Andesitic

53
Q

Triggering of the eruptions

A

Landslides and earthquakes
Confining pressure decreases from the rising magma
Vapor pressure increases

3RD MONTHLY REVIEWER (2 decks)

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