Volcanic hazards

Question 1

what is the engineering risk of ash falls

Answer 1

ash deposits can cover large area, adds extra load on buildings

Question 2

what is the engineering risk of airborne ash

Answer 2

can affect aeroplanes, if efected into the stratosphere the ash can cause global cooling

Question 3

what is the engineering risk of lava flows

Answer 3

destroys any infrastructure in its path

Question 4

what is the engineering risk of pyroclastic flows

Answer 4

mixture of volcanic ash and hot gas is the most disruptive of all volcanic hazards

Question 5

what is the engineering risk of lahars

Answer 5

fast flowing slurry of water, ash and rock

Question 6

how much of the world population live within 100km of a volcano

Answer 6

9%

Question 7

what is ashes affect on aircrafts

Answer 7

ash can cause damage to aircraft engines, navigational equipment, speed sensors and cockpit windows

Question 8

what is the impact of ash on water supplies

Answer 8

damaging water sources, damaging treatment equipment and chemically changing the water

Question 9

what is the impact of ash on electricity network

Answer 9

supply outages due to insulator flashover, line breakages due to ash loading

Question 10

what is the impact of ash on telecommunications

Answer 10

reduction of signal strength, damaging equipment and user overload