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Hazards > Volcanic hazards > Flashcards

Volcanic hazards Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three classifications of volcanoes

A
  • Active
  • Dormant
  • Extinct
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2
Q

What is an active volcano

A

A volcano that has erupted in living memory

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3
Q

What is a dormant volcano

A

A volcano that has erupted in historic record but not for a longtime and is expected to erupt again

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4
Q

What is an extinct volcano

A

A volcano that will not erupt again

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5
Q

What is an example of a dormant volcano

A

Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

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6
Q

What is an example of an extinct volcano

A

Ben Nevis, Scotland

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7
Q

What is an example of an active volcano

A

Mount Etna, Italy

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8
Q

What is a hotspot

A

Hotspots are areas of volcanic activity that are not related to plate boundaries

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9
Q

What are the five types of volcanoes

A
  • Fissure volcano
  • Shield volcano
  • Dome volcano
  • Ash and cinder volcano
  • Caldera volcano
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10
Q

What are the two constructive volcanoes

A
  • Fissure volcanoes
  • Shield volcanoes
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11
Q

What are the three destructive volcanoes

A
  • Dome volcanoes
  • Ash and cinder volcanoes
  • Caldera volcanoes
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12
Q

What is an example of a fissure volcano

A

Giants Causeway, N. Ireland

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13
Q

What is an example of a shield volcano

A

Mauna Loa, Hawaii

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14
Q

What is an example of a dome volcano

A

Mount St. Helens, USA

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15
Q

What is an example of a ash and cinder volcano

A

Mount Etna, Italy

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16
Q

What is an example of a caldera volcano

A

Mount Mazama, USA

17
Q

Describe what a fissure volcano is

A
18
Q

Describe what a shield volcano is

A
19
Q

Describe what a dome volcano is

A
20
Q

Describe what an ash and cinder volcano is

A
21
Q

Describe what a caldera volcano is

A
22
Q

What are the six volcanic hazards

A
  • Pyroclastic flow / Nuee Ardente
  • Tephra
  • Mudflow / Lahar
  • Gases and acid rain
  • Lava flow
23
Q

What is pyroclastic flow / nuee ardente

A

dense, destructive mass of very hot ash, lava fragments, and gases ejected explosively from a volcano and typically flowing at great speed

24
Q

What are the impacts of pyroclastic flow / nuee ardente

A
25
Q

What is tephra

A

Rock fragments ejected from a volcano

26
Q

What are the impacts of tephra

A
  • Damage to crops
  • Interrupts communication equipment
27
Q

What is a mudflow / Lahar

A

A destructive volcanic landslide or mudflow, consisting of a mixture of volcanic debris, mud, rock and water

28
Q

What are the impacts of a mudflow / Lahar

A
  • Can cause flooding
  • Can melt snow and ice
  • Destroys roads and bridges
  • Highly erosive
29
Q

What is lava flow

A

streams of molten rock that pour or ooze from an erupting vent

30
Q

What are the impacts of lava flow

A
  • Destroys homes
  • Destroys agricultural land
31
Q

What are the gases released into the atmosphere when a volcano erupts

A

CO2 and SO2
(carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide)

32
Q

What is bad about CO2 and SO2 being released during an eruption

A

Can react with water vapour and create acid rain
The volcanic gases contribute to GHE

33
Q

What are the impacts of gases and acid rain

A
  • Damage ecosystems
  • Cause breathing difficulties
  • Acid rain poison water supllies
  • Gas can cause death
34
Q

What are the short term responses to a volcanic eruption

A
  • Evacuate people at risk
  • Deploy emergency services
  • International aid
  • Aid from within the country sent to hazard area
35
Q

What are the long term responses to a volcanic eruption

A
  • Risk management
  • Alert systems
  • Storage of emergency food, water & aid etc
  • Creation of hazard maps to aid evacuations
36
Q

What are social impacts of a volcanic eruption

A
  • Injuries and death
  • Homes destroyed from pyroclastic flow and or lava (homelessness)
  • Fires
  • Trauma
37
Q

What are environmental impacts of a volcanic eruption

A
  • Ecosystems damaged / destroyed
  • Wildlife killed
  • Water acidified from acid rain
  • Volcanic gases contribute to GHE
38
Q

What are economic impacts of a volcanic eruption

A
  • Businesses and industries destroyed/ disrupted
  • Jobs lost
  • Profit from tourist industry
39
Q

What are political impacts of a volcanic eruption

A
  • Government buildings damaged / destroyed
  • Conflict concerning government response with food, water etc

Hazards (6 decks)

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