Vol. 2 Clinical Chemistry

Question 1

The term that best describes the water found within cells is

Answer 1

intracellular water

Question 2

An example of calculated supplemental data is

Answer 2

the anion gap

Question 3

A trend in high or low anion gaps indicates that

Answer 3

there may be a consistent error in at least one of the analytes

Question 4

The ultimate regulators of sodium levels in the body are the

Answer 4

kidneys through reabsorption and excretion

Question 5

Hemolyzed samples for potassium analysis should be avoided because

Answer 5

intracellular potassium will be released, affecting results

Question 6

In the disease cystic fibrosis, the concentration of chloride ions in sweat is

Answer 6

elevated due a genetic defect

Question 7

If you discover that a sample for bicarbonate analysis has been left open in a test tube rack, the result could be

Answer 7

falsely decreased due to CO2 escaping into the air

Question 8

Because the lungs and kidneys regulate acid-base balance, a patient with disorders affecting these organs will be followed using

Answer 8

blood gas analysis

Question 9

What happens during internal respiration when the partial pressure of oxygen in 90mm Hg and carbon dioxide is about 40 mm Hg?

Answer 9

Oxygen moves into the cell and carbon dioxide moves out of the cell

Question 10

Blood gas samples should be collected only by

Answer 10

providers or specially trained personnel

Question 11

what do you do if you receive a blood gas sample with an air bubble in it?

Answer 11

annotate the final report with the condition the sample was in when it arrived in the laboratory

Question 12

The importance of pH in the blood is critical because

Answer 12

a pH outside of 6.8 to 7.8 is incompatible with life

Question 13

which one of the following substances is a buffer found in large amounts and has its concentrations within the body controlled by the lungs and the kidneys

Answer 13

bicarbonate

Question 14

The lungs help maintain body pH by converting carbonic acid into carbon dioxide and water, which

Answer 14

are then expelled during exhalation

Question 15

Respiratory acidosis means the blood pH is

Answer 15

decreased due to a respiratory problem

Question 16

A tourniquet, used during venous blood collection, affects pH readings by causing

Answer 16

the blood to stagnate, resulting in a decreased of venous pO2

Question 17

Decreased levels of calcium are often associated with tetany,

Answer 17

a hyperexcitability of nerves and muscles

Question 18

Increased calcium levels are known as

Answer 18

hypercalcemia

Question 19

Hemolyzed samples should not be used for phosphate analysis because

Answer 19

red blood cells contain high concentrations of organic phosphate esters

Question 20

The main dietary sources of magnesium are

Answer 20

meat and green vegetables

Question 21

One of the more serious complications of magnesium deficiency is the effect on the

Answer 21

cardiovascular system

Question 22

Analysis of which one of the following analytes is often requested to track patients with manic-depressive illnesses?

Answer 22

lithium

Question 23

All test methods for serum iron measure

Answer 23

iron carried by transferrin

Question 24

Iron levels in the body are regulated by

Answer 24

absorption

Question 25

Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) measures

Answer 25

maximum amount of iron-carrying capacity of transferrin

Question 26

Iron overload may be accelerated by

Answer 26

chronic alcoholism

Question 27

Among some of the liver’s functions is the ability to

Answer 27

convert glucose to glycogen and glycogen back to glucose as needed

Question 28

The liver is the primary storage site for

Answer 28

glycogen

Question 29

Hepatitis A virus is primarily transmitted through

Answer 29

the fecal oral route

Question 30

Due to the amount of time it takes for antibodies to reach detectable levels and prior to the use of nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT), which type of hepatitis could not be eliminated completely by blood donor screening

Answer 30

Hepatitis C virus

Question 31

What hepatitis virus occurs as a simultaneous infection with the Hepatitis B or as a superimposed infection in someone with chronic Hep B?

Answer 31

Hepatitis D

Question 32

Bilirubin that has become joined with glucuronic acid is called

Answer 32

conjugated bilirubin

Question 33

When jaundice, a condition characterized by the deposit of a yellowish pigment int he skin and eyes, can be detected visually, the bilirubin level is

Answer 33

well above normal

Question 34

In newborns, bilirubin levels can increase for the first few days of life before returning to normal because

Answer 34

the transferase enzyme system is not fully developed

Question 35

Bilirubin levels increase due to the impairment or obstruction of the excretion of bile into the intestines, because bilirubin builds up in the hepatocytes and is

Answer 35

regurgitated into the blood

Question 36

Conditions such as hepatitis, which damage or destroy liver cells are known as

Answer 36

intrahepatic disorders

Question 37

Posthepatic disorders differ from intrahepatic disorders in the posthepatic disorders

Answer 37

can be corrected by surgical methods

Question 38

Samples for bilirubin analysis should be light protected because

Answer 38

both conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin are light sensitive

Question 39

Carbonhydrate classes, such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides are determined based on

Answer 39

the number of sugars a carbohydrate can be broken down into during hydrolysis

Question 40

When excess carbohydrates are eaten, the body will change some of the excess into

Answer 40

fats and store them in that form

Question 41

the breakdown of glycogen into glucose is called

Answer 41

glycogenolysis

Question 42

The chief source of energy and the only monosaccharide found in significant amounts in the body fluids of living organisms is

Answer 42

glucose

Question 43

When epinephrine is released due to physical or emotional stress it causes

Answer 43

increased glucose levels for energy

Question 44

The cause of Type 2 diabetes is

Answer 44

unknown

Question 45

If an unconscious patient’s glucose result has been verified and it’s 35 mg/dl,

Answer 45

notify the attending physician at once, because the patient is hypoglycemic.

Question 46

When diagnosing diabetes mellitus, once the patient has met all required criteria, what other evaluations must be performed?

Answer 46

hypertension and cardiovascular assessment

Question 47

which one of the following glucose tests requires patient preparation for 3 days prior to the testing date?

Answer 47

oral glucose tolerance