VoIP & PBX Fraud Flashcards
Private Branch Exchange (PBX) definition
A PBX is the telephone system within an organisation that switches calls between users in that organisation
on local phone lines and enables users to share a limited number of external phone lines.
Three types of PBX
Traditional PBX
Cloud based PBX
IP PBX
Phreaking definition
Phreaking is the manipulation of telecommunication signals to make free telephone calls.
PBX Fraud definition
PBX fraud involves individuals setting up premium calling services then breaking into companies and using
their phone lines their own premium services while racking up tens of thousands of dollars in charges,
generally over a weekend when office staff are at home.
Voice Fraud definition
Voice fraud can occur in a number of different ways e.g. abusive calls to individuals claiming that the
subscriber owes money to the government. There is also fraud that occurs when a hacker gains access to
operator’s network and subsequently uses that network to call premium numbers. This is a.k.a. International
Revenue Share Fraud (IRSF) which has grown significantly in recent times
SMS Fraud Definition
Text messages that are sent internationally can be routed through multiple different routes to their destination each with a different cost associated to it. Hackers may use unauthorised or illegal routes to deliver messages at the lowest possible cost thereby, depriving operator’s of legitimate termination revenues. They may also take control of operator SMS centres and then send malicious traffic globally. These messages may solicit users to make premium calls. These messages may also contain mobile malware
IPX & Signalling Fraud Defintion
With SS& signalling fraud hackers will exploit signalling vulnerabilities during roaming and international calling. A subscribers phone will then be hijacked and can then be used to send spam SMS messages to everyone on their contact list. Other attacks may include intercepting the personal data of a roaming subscriber or use intercepted traffic to sell subscribers sensitive personal data to other cyber criminals. Roaming subscribers may also be susceptible to mobile malware.
Vishing calls defintion
Combination of Voice and Phishing. A phone scam in which fraudsters trick victims into divulging their
personal, financial or security information or into transferring money to them
One(ring) & Cut / WANGIRI scam definition
Telephone scam where criminals trick victims into calling premium rate numbers. A fraudster will set up a
system to dial a large number of telephone numbers and each call rings just once and then hangs-up leaving a
missed call on the recipients phone. Users see the miss call and believing it is legitimate call the premium
number back and they are then charged those premium rates for a call to that number.
International Revenue Sharing Fraud (IRSF) definition
This has been the most damaging fraud to date. It involves sending monetary value from one carrier to another based on their inter-carrier trust between telecom operators. These patient fraudsters wait for the logs to expire before executing any further money-laundering steps
Robocalls definition
Many of the call centres that initiate these Robocalls originate in India. The fraudulent Robocalls begin in India and are then facilitated by a gateway carrier in the US. One of the gateway carriers was Global Voicecom and another was ToolFreeDeals.com. These gateway carriers would then transmit the Robocalls to US consumers. The recipients of these Robocalls believing that they owed money to the Government because they would see a Government telephone number on their caller ID. For example, a number associated with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) which collect tax in the US. Unbeknownst to the consumer they would ultimately send money to money mules who would then in turn forward these funds to the call centres located in India. The money mules would of course take a percentage of the funds received from this fraud
