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Voice- SLP 325 > Voice test > Flashcards

Voice test Flashcards

1
Q

What is voice our primary means of?

A

Expression

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2
Q

When does the onset of voice begin?

A

As soon as we are born

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3
Q

What happens to voice throughout life?

A

Changes and reflects attitude

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4
Q

Voice give instantaneous cues to…

A

Vitality and Personality

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5
Q

Define voice: Broad

A

Information transmitted over telecommunication links

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6
Q

Define voice: narrow

A

All sounds of speech that we make are either voiced or unvoiced

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7
Q

Define vocalization

A

Sounds made by vocal fold vibrations; commonly used with nonspeech or prespeech sounds

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8
Q

Who uses vocalizations most commonly?

A

Infants and animals

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9
Q

Define phonation

A

The physical and physiological processes of vocal fold vibration

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10
Q

Define dysphonic

A

Vocal folds do not vibrate normally

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11
Q

Define aphonic

A

Vocal folds do not vibrate at all

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12
Q

What are the three roles of the voice?

A

Survival, Emotion and Personality

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13
Q

Name the five characteristics of voice

A 
1- Loud: heard over environmental noise
2- Hygienic: a manner good for the VF
3- Pleasant: quality
4- Flexible: express emotion
5- Represent: in terms of age and gender
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14
Q

What are the three systems of Speech Production?

A

1- Respiratory System
2- Phonatory System
3- Articulatory System

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15
Q

Lung Volumes vs. Capacities

A

Volumes are single values

Capacities include two or more volumes

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16
Q

Name the four Lung Volumes.

A

1- Tidal Volume
2- Inspiratory Reserve Volume
3- Expiratory Reserve Volume
4- Residual Volume

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17
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

Volume of air we breathe in and out during a normal cycle of respiration.

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18
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

Amount of air that can be inhaled above TV

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19
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

Amount of air that can be exhaled below TV

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20
Q

What is residual volume?

A

How much is left over after maximum exhale

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21
Q

Name the three lung capacities.

A

1- Vital Capacities
2- Functional Residual Capacities
3- Total Lung Capacities

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22
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

Combination of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume

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23
Q

What is functional residual capacity?

A

Amount of air remaining in lungs and airways at the resting expiratory level; combines expiratory reserve volume and residual volume

24
Q

What is total lung capacities?

A

The total amount of air that the lungs are capable of holding; combines tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume

25
Q

What is the phonatory mechanism?

A

The vocal folds

26
Q

What are extrinsic muscles? What do they do?

A

Have one attachment outside the larynx; They keep the larynx in place and raise/lower the larynx

27
Q

What are intrinsic muscles? What do they do?

A

Both attachments are within the framework of the larynx; They move the vocal folds and other muscles within the larynx

28
Q

What are the adductor muscles?

A
  • Lateral cricoarytenoid

- Interarytenoid (transverse and oblique)

29
Q

What are the abductor muscles?

A

Posterior Cricoarytenoid

30
Q

What muscles lengthen and tense the vocal folds?

A

Cricothyroid

31
Q

What are the thyroarytenoids?

A

The actual VF muscles; thyrovocalis (tenses) and the thyromuscularis (relaxes and adducts the VF)

32
Q

What is another word for the false vocal folds?

A

Ventricular folds

33
Q

What is the glottis?

A

The space in between the vocal folds

34
Q

What are the three important functions of the larynx?

A

1- control the airflow during breathing
2- protection of the airway
3- production of sound for speech

35
Q

What is the mucosal wave?

A

The name for the wavelike motion created when the vocal folds vibrate.

36
Q

What are the four vocal parameters?

A

1- Pitch: perception of frequency
2- Loudness: determined by subglottal air pressure/ perception of intensity
3- Quality: breathy, harsh, hoarse
4- Resonance: modification of the sound

37
Q

Three vocal qualities? Describe them.

A

1- Breathy: VF don’t close completely
2- Harsh: Irregular vibrations of VF
3- Hoarse: Combo of breathy and harsh

38
Q

Name the three resonating bodies.

A

1- Nasal cavity
2- Oral cavity
3- Pharyngeal cavity

39
Q

Name the structures of the vocal folds.

A 
Epithelium
Lamina Propria
   -superficial lamina propria
   -intermediate lamina propria
   -deep lamina propria
Vocalis Muscle
40
Q

What are the three types of voice disorders?

A

functional
organic
neurological

41
Q

What are the eleven organic disorders?

A
  • Hyperkeratosis: pinkish rough lesion
  • Granulomas (contact ulcers): an irritant
  • Papilloma: benign tumor
  • Vocal fold cysts: soft, pliable lesion
  • Endocrine: hormonal change- hypothyroidism (increase mass)
  • Reflux: gastroesophageal and laryngopharyngeal
  • Sulcus vocalis: indented medial edge of VF
  • Laryngeal web: web grows across glottis (airway)
  • Laryngeal trauma: blunt/penetrating (wound), inhalation/thermal (substance, inhalation)
  • Carcinoma: cancer
  • Other tumors: benign or malignant
42
Q

What are the eight neurological disorders?

A
  • Parkinsonism
  • Spasmodic Dysphonia
  • Essential tremor
  • Huntington’s disease
  • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  • Multiple Sclerosis
  • Traumatic brain Injury
  • Paralysis
43
Q

What are the two types of spasmodic dysphonia?

A

Adductor- Strain/ Harsh

Abductor- breathy

44
Q

What are the two branches of the vagus nerve?

A

Superior Laryngeal Nerves (SLN)

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves (RLN)

45
Q

What does the SLN do?

A

Controls the cricothyroid muscle

46
Q

What does the RLN innervate?

A

All intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid

47
Q

Types of paralysis. (5)

A 
Unilateral 
Bilateral
Bilateral abductor
Bilateral adductor 
Unilateral adductor
48
Q

What are the two types of functional voice disorders?

A

Psychogenic

Excessive muscle tension

49
Q

What are psychogenic voice disorders?

A

Caused by psychological trauma or conflicts: nothing physically wrong

50
Q

Name the four psychogenic disorders.

A
  • Falsetto: child like voice after puberty
  • Functional aphonia: MAY BE convo reaction
  • Functional dysphonia: some voice
  • Somatization dysphonia: true convo disorder
51
Q

What is hyperfunction?

A

Excessive Muscle Tension

52
Q

Types of Excessive Muscle Tension disorders. (4)

A
  • Muscle tension dysphonia: primary/secondary
  • Vocal Nodules
  • Polyps:
  • Traumatic Laryngitis: inner glottal
53
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary muscle tension dysphonia?

A 
primary= absence of organic pathology
secondary= presence of physical, organic cause
54
Q

What are a result of vocal abuse and are essentially a callous?

A

Vocal Nodules

55
Q

What are polyps? What causes them?

A

Softer than nodules, fluid filled or vascular tissue filled
Caused by a single event of screaming
Breathy or hoarse

56
Q

What are the two types of polyps?

A

Broad based and Narrow necked

57
Q

Explain Traumatic Laryngitis

A

The inner glottal edges of the membrane become swollen and thickened
Hoarse voice

Voice- SLP 325 (1 decks)

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