Voice test Flashcards
What is voice our primary means of?
Expression
When does the onset of voice begin?
As soon as we are born
What happens to voice throughout life?
Changes and reflects attitude
Voice give instantaneous cues to…
Vitality and Personality
Define voice: Broad
Information transmitted over telecommunication links
Define voice: narrow
All sounds of speech that we make are either voiced or unvoiced
Define vocalization
Sounds made by vocal fold vibrations; commonly used with nonspeech or prespeech sounds
Who uses vocalizations most commonly?
Infants and animals
Define phonation
The physical and physiological processes of vocal fold vibration
Define dysphonic
Vocal folds do not vibrate normally
Define aphonic
Vocal folds do not vibrate at all
What are the three roles of the voice?
Survival, Emotion and Personality
Name the five characteristics of voice
1- Loud: heard over environmental noise 2- Hygienic: a manner good for the VF 3- Pleasant: quality 4- Flexible: express emotion 5- Represent: in terms of age and gender
What are the three systems of Speech Production?
1- Respiratory System
2- Phonatory System
3- Articulatory System
Lung Volumes vs. Capacities
Volumes are single values
Capacities include two or more volumes
Name the four Lung Volumes.
1- Tidal Volume
2- Inspiratory Reserve Volume
3- Expiratory Reserve Volume
4- Residual Volume
What is tidal volume?
Volume of air we breathe in and out during a normal cycle of respiration.
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
Amount of air that can be inhaled above TV
What is expiratory reserve volume?
Amount of air that can be exhaled below TV
What is residual volume?
How much is left over after maximum exhale
Name the three lung capacities.
1- Vital Capacities
2- Functional Residual Capacities
3- Total Lung Capacities
What is vital capacity?
Combination of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume
What is functional residual capacity?
Amount of air remaining in lungs and airways at the resting expiratory level; combines expiratory reserve volume and residual volume
What is total lung capacities?
The total amount of air that the lungs are capable of holding; combines tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume
What is the phonatory mechanism?
The vocal folds
What are extrinsic muscles? What do they do?
Have one attachment outside the larynx; They keep the larynx in place and raise/lower the larynx
What are intrinsic muscles? What do they do?
Both attachments are within the framework of the larynx; They move the vocal folds and other muscles within the larynx
What are the adductor muscles?
- Lateral cricoarytenoid
- Interarytenoid (transverse and oblique)
What are the abductor muscles?
Posterior Cricoarytenoid
What muscles lengthen and tense the vocal folds?
Cricothyroid
What are the thyroarytenoids?
The actual VF muscles; thyrovocalis (tenses) and the thyromuscularis (relaxes and adducts the VF)
What is another word for the false vocal folds?
Ventricular folds
What is the glottis?
The space in between the vocal folds
What are the three important functions of the larynx?
1- control the airflow during breathing
2- protection of the airway
3- production of sound for speech
What is the mucosal wave?
The name for the wavelike motion created when the vocal folds vibrate.
What are the four vocal parameters?
1- Pitch: perception of frequency
2- Loudness: determined by subglottal air pressure/ perception of intensity
3- Quality: breathy, harsh, hoarse
4- Resonance: modification of the sound
Three vocal qualities? Describe them.
1- Breathy: VF don’t close completely
2- Harsh: Irregular vibrations of VF
3- Hoarse: Combo of breathy and harsh
Name the three resonating bodies.
1- Nasal cavity
2- Oral cavity
3- Pharyngeal cavity
Name the structures of the vocal folds.
Epithelium Lamina Propria -superficial lamina propria -intermediate lamina propria -deep lamina propria Vocalis Muscle
What are the three types of voice disorders?
functional
organic
neurological
What are the eleven organic disorders?
- Hyperkeratosis: pinkish rough lesion
- Granulomas (contact ulcers): an irritant
- Papilloma: benign tumor
- Vocal fold cysts: soft, pliable lesion
- Endocrine: hormonal change- hypothyroidism (increase mass)
- Reflux: gastroesophageal and laryngopharyngeal
- Sulcus vocalis: indented medial edge of VF
- Laryngeal web: web grows across glottis (airway)
- Laryngeal trauma: blunt/penetrating (wound), inhalation/thermal (substance, inhalation)
- Carcinoma: cancer
- Other tumors: benign or malignant
What are the eight neurological disorders?
- Parkinsonism
- Spasmodic Dysphonia
- Essential tremor
- Huntington’s disease
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Traumatic brain Injury
- Paralysis
What are the two types of spasmodic dysphonia?
Adductor- Strain/ Harsh
Abductor- breathy
What are the two branches of the vagus nerve?
Superior Laryngeal Nerves (SLN)
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves (RLN)
What does the SLN do?
Controls the cricothyroid muscle
What does the RLN innervate?
All intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid
Types of paralysis. (5)
Unilateral Bilateral Bilateral abductor Bilateral adductor Unilateral adductor
What are the two types of functional voice disorders?
Psychogenic
Excessive muscle tension
What are psychogenic voice disorders?
Caused by psychological trauma or conflicts: nothing physically wrong
Name the four psychogenic disorders.
- Falsetto: child like voice after puberty
- Functional aphonia: MAY BE convo reaction
- Functional dysphonia: some voice
- Somatization dysphonia: true convo disorder
What is hyperfunction?
Excessive Muscle Tension
Types of Excessive Muscle Tension disorders. (4)
- Muscle tension dysphonia: primary/secondary
- Vocal Nodules
- Polyps:
- Traumatic Laryngitis: inner glottal
What is the difference between primary and secondary muscle tension dysphonia?
primary= absence of organic pathology secondary= presence of physical, organic cause
What are a result of vocal abuse and are essentially a callous?
Vocal Nodules
What are polyps? What causes them?
Softer than nodules, fluid filled or vascular tissue filled
Caused by a single event of screaming
Breathy or hoarse
What are the two types of polyps?
Broad based and Narrow necked
Explain Traumatic Laryngitis
The inner glottal edges of the membrane become swollen and thickened
Hoarse voice
