voice quiz

Question 1

composed of the brain and the spinal cord, and is located within the bony, protective structures of the cranium and vertebral column.

Answer 1

CNS

Question 2

composed of long axons that extend from the cortical neurons located in the primary motor strip and travel uninterrupted until they reach their corresponding cranial nerve nuclei in the brainstem

Answer 2

pyramidal tract

Question 3

enables extensive checking and balancing of sensory and motor information with its many interconnections among the cortex, thalamus, and the basal ganglia

Answer 3

extrapyramidal tract

Question 4

a 2 neuron white matter motor pathway connecting the cerebral cortext to the brainstem

Answer 4

corticobulbar tract

Question 5

aggregations of UMN nerve fibers that travel from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord

Answer 5

corticospinal tract

Question 6

motor neurons that originate either in the motor region of the cerebral cortex or in the brain stem and carry motor information down to the LMN

Answer 6

UMN

Question 7

motor neurons that are located in either the anterior gray column, anterior nerve roots (spinal LMN) or the cranial nerve nuclei of the brainstem and cranial nerves with motor function (cranial nerve LMN)

Answer 7

LMN

Question 8

the part of the nervous system that consists of the nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 8

PNS

Question 9

weakening of the muscles/partial loss of function

Answer 9

paresis

Question 10

no movement at all/total loss of function (damage to cranial nerve X)

Answer 10

paralysis

Question 11

VF cannot open

Answer 11

abductor paralysis

Question 12

VF cannot close

Answer 12

adductor paralysis

Question 13

involuntary movements (spasms) of the voice box muscles

Answer 13

laryngeal dystonia

Question 14

A nervous system problem that causes involuntary movement; dystonia is not a psychological problem

Answer 14

dystonia

Question 15

types of paralysis (3)

Answer 15

traumatic, viral, idiopathic

Question 16

traumatic paralysis

Answer 16

damage from an occasion

Question 17

viral paralysis

Answer 17

damage from the body

Question 18

idiopathic paralysis

Answer 18

no apparent reason for paralysis

Question 19

controls cricothyroid

Answer 19

SLN

Question 20

controls remainder of intrinsic

Answer 20

RLN

Question 21

Higher the lesion the more _______ the symptom

Answer 21

severe

Question 22

condition in which the voice simultaneously produces 2 sounds of different pitch

Answer 22

diplophonia

Question 23

loss of ability to speak

Answer 23

aphonia

Question 24

may be indicative of a serious airway obstruction from severe conditions such as epiglottis, a foreign object, or a laryngeal tumor.

Answer 24

inspiratory stridor

Question 25

Spasms in muscles that close vocal folds. interrupt speech and cause strained or strangled voice breaks

Answer 25

adductor SD

Question 26

Spasms in muscles that open vocal folds.interrupt speech and cause breathy or soundless voice breaks

Answer 26

abductor SD

Question 27

Behavioral voice therapy is best combined with ______________

Answer 27

medical management

Question 28

BTX‐A injection goes where

Answer 28

one or both VF or interarytenoid muscles

Question 29

Localized, fluid‐filled sac on the vocal fold

Answer 29

polyp

Question 30

types of polyps (3)

Answer 30

pedunculatd, sessile, hemorrhagic

Question 31

Pedunculated polyp

Answer 31

attach by slim stalk

Question 32

sessile polyp

Answer 32

adhere to mucosa

Question 33

hemorrhagic polyp

Answer 33

blood filled

Question 34

location of polyp

Answer 34

free margin of true VF

Question 35

T/F: polyps are usually bilateral

Answer 35

F: usually unilateral (although can be bilateral)

Question 36

nodules due to

Answer 36

continuous voice abuse

Question 37

polyp due to

Answer 37

one single voice abuse

Question 38

surgery for polyp

Answer 38

micro-flap surgery

Question 39

micro-flap surgery 4 steps

Answer 39

small incision, raise flap, remove contents via suction, lay flap down

Question 40

polyp voice therapy goals

Answer 40

reduce secondary habits (strain, hard voice onset), reduce abusive habits, vocal hygiene

Question 41

usually bilateral & symmetric, folds appear fluid filled, extreme case confused with polyps

Answer 41

reinke's edema

Question 42

reinke's edema causes

Answer 42

hyper-function, smoking, extreme allergies

Question 43

reinke's edema usually occurs more in

Answer 43

females

Question 44

polyp voice symptoms

Answer 44

similar to nodules, incomplete VF closure, decreased phonation time, decreased pitch, reduced dynamic range

Question 45

reinke's edema voice acoustics

Answer 45

decreased F0, decreased range, increased perturbation, greater than normal flow loops

Question 46

basal ganglia dysfunction (dopamine deficiency)

Answer 46

parkinson's disease

Question 47

parkinson's disease struggles with

Answer 47

tremors, rigidity, gait problem

Question 48

parkinson's disease has _____ dysarthria

Answer 48

hypokinetic (reduced loudness, monotone, intermittent and rapid rushes of speech)

Question 49

medical tx of parkinson's disease

Answer 49

medication, then neurosurgery, physical tx, lee silverman voice treatment