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Voice Disorders > voice quiz > Flashcards

voice quiz Flashcards

1
Q

composed of the brain and the spinal cord, and is located within the bony, protective structures of the cranium and vertebral column.

A

CNS

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2
Q

composed of long axons that extend from the cortical neurons located in the primary motor strip and travel uninterrupted until they reach their corresponding cranial nerve nuclei in the brainstem

A

pyramidal tract

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3
Q

enables extensive checking and balancing of sensory and motor information with its many interconnections among the cortex, thalamus, and the basal ganglia

A

extrapyramidal tract

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4
Q

a 2 neuron white matter motor pathway connecting the cerebral cortext to the brainstem

A

corticobulbar tract

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5
Q

aggregations of UMN nerve fibers that travel from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord

A

corticospinal tract

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6
Q

motor neurons that originate either in the motor region of the cerebral cortex or in the brain stem and carry motor information down to the LMN

A

UMN

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7
Q

motor neurons that are located in either the anterior gray column, anterior nerve roots (spinal LMN) or the cranial nerve nuclei of the brainstem and cranial nerves with motor function (cranial nerve LMN)

A

LMN

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8
Q

the part of the nervous system that consists of the nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord

A

PNS

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9
Q

weakening of the muscles/partial loss of function

A

paresis

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10
Q

no movement at all/total loss of function (damage to cranial nerve X)

A

paralysis

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11
Q

VF cannot open

A

abductor paralysis

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12
Q

VF cannot close

A

adductor paralysis

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13
Q

involuntary movements (spasms) of the voice box muscles

A

laryngeal dystonia

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14
Q

A nervous system problem that causes involuntary movement; dystonia is not a psychological problem

A

dystonia

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15
Q

types of paralysis (3)

A

traumatic, viral, idiopathic

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16
Q

traumatic paralysis

A

damage from an occasion

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17
Q

viral paralysis

A

damage from the body

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18
Q

idiopathic paralysis

A

no apparent reason for paralysis

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19
Q

controls cricothyroid

A

SLN

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20
Q

controls remainder of intrinsic

A

RLN

21
Q

Higher the lesion the more _______ the symptom

A

severe

22
Q

condition in which the voice simultaneously produces 2 sounds of different pitch

A

diplophonia

23
Q

loss of ability to speak

A

aphonia

24
Q

may be indicative of a serious airway obstruction from severe conditions such as epiglottis, a foreign object, or a laryngeal tumor.

A

inspiratory stridor

25
Q

Spasms in muscles that close vocal folds. interrupt speech and cause strained or strangled voice breaks

A

adductor SD

26
Q

Spasms in muscles that open vocal folds.interrupt speech and cause breathy or soundless voice breaks

A

abductor SD

27
Q

Behavioral voice therapy is best combined with ______________

A

medical management

28
Q

BTX‐A injection goes where

A

one or both VF or interarytenoid muscles

29
Q

Localized, fluid‐filled sac on the vocal fold

A

polyp

30
Q

types of polyps (3)

A

pedunculatd, sessile, hemorrhagic

31
Q

Pedunculated polyp

A

attach by slim stalk

32
Q

sessile polyp

A

adhere to mucosa

33
Q

hemorrhagic polyp

A

blood filled

34
Q

location of polyp

A

free margin of true VF

35
Q

T/F: polyps are usually bilateral

A

F: usually unilateral (although can be bilateral)

36
Q

nodules due to

A

continuous voice abuse

37
Q

polyp due to

A

one single voice abuse

38
Q

surgery for polyp

A

micro-flap surgery

39
Q

micro-flap surgery 4 steps

A

small incision, raise flap, remove contents via suction, lay flap down

40
Q

polyp voice therapy goals

A

reduce secondary habits (strain, hard voice onset), reduce abusive habits, vocal hygiene

41
Q

usually bilateral & symmetric, folds appear fluid filled, extreme case confused with polyps

A

reinke’s edema

42
Q

reinke’s edema causes

A

hyper-function, smoking, extreme allergies

43
Q

reinke’s edema usually occurs more in

A

females

44
Q

polyp voice symptoms

A

similar to nodules, incomplete VF closure, decreased phonation time, decreased pitch, reduced dynamic range

45
Q

reinke’s edema voice acoustics

A

decreased F0, decreased range, increased perturbation, greater than normal flow loops

46
Q

basal ganglia dysfunction (dopamine deficiency)

A

parkinson’s disease

47
Q

parkinson’s disease struggles with

A

tremors, rigidity, gait problem

48
Q

parkinson’s disease has _____ dysarthria

A

hypokinetic (reduced loudness, monotone, intermittent and rapid rushes of speech)

49
Q

medical tx of parkinson’s disease

A

medication, then neurosurgery, physical tx, lee silverman voice treatment

Voice Disorders (1 decks)

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