Voice Disorders Flashcards
Three Types of Voice Disorders
structural, functional, neurological
nodes form on___
the anterior 1/3 to 2/3 of the vf
nodes are formed by___
phonotrauma
nodes treatment
voice therapy
polyps caused by___
phonotrauma, coughing, URI, NASAIDS, menstrual cycle
polyps treatment
voice therapy and/or surgery
LPR definition
laryngopharyngeal reflux
GERD definition
gastroesophageal reflux disease
LPR/GERD cause
lower esophageal sphincter doesn’t close, allows acid into esophagus, irrates arytenoids
LPR/GERD treatment
reflux management, medicine, diet, and life style changes
Granuloma definition
spherical growth above or beneath the folds
Granuloma cause
reflux, intubation, phonotrauma, coughing/ clearing throat, chronic vomiting
Granuloma treatment
lifestyle changes, voice therapy, reflux management, diet changes, cough therapy, inhaler
Reinke’s Edema
folds are swollen, fluid filled, may overlap
Reinke’s Edema cause
smoking
Reinke’s Edema Treatment
stop smoking, surgery
Carcinoma (tumor cancer)
white surface lesions on folds, stiffness
Carcinoma cause
smoking, HPV
Carcinoma treatment
surgery, chemotherapy, radiation
Papilloma
irregular growth, unilateral or bilateral
Papilloma cause
HPV via body secretions (not blood)
Papilloma treatment
surgery, virus is precancerous
Hemorrhage
broad bruising, discolored
Hemorrhage cause
phonotrauma, coughing, URI, NSAIDs, menstrual cycle
Hemorrhage treatment
voice rest, treat whatever is left
Cyst
unilateral bulge on fold (fluid filled/semi solid sac), deep in tissue
Cyst cause
plugged mucus gland or cilia hair
Cyst treatment
medical management, surgery
Web
blunting of anterior commissure, folds cannot abduct well
Web cause
congenital
Web treatment
surgery, shunt put in to keep pieces from rehealing together
Primary Functional Disorder
occurs in the absence of other pathologies
Primary Functional Disorder treatment
voice therapy
Secondary functional disorder
associated with another pathology; compensatory strategy
Secondary functional disorder treatment
treat other pathology, then deal with the voice Tx
Muscle Tension Dysphonia
excessive tension around larynx results in change of sound/feel of voice
Muscle Tension Dysphonia cause
can develop during laryngitis, improper voice use, stress
Mutational Falsetto (Puberphonia)
abnormally high voice
Mutational Falsetto (Puberphonia) cause
habitual high voice use; tense muscles
Mutational Falsetto (Puberphonia) treatment
laryngeal reposturing
Paradoxical Vocal Cord Dysfunction
like asthma, triggered by smells and activity, chronic cough, inhalatory stridor
Paradoxical Vocal Cord Dysfunction cause
strong odors, excercise, smoke, stress
Paradoxical Vocal Cord Dysfunction treatment
remove triggers, therapy
Vocal Fold Paralysis
folds are stuck either adducted or abducted
Vocal Fold Paralysis cause
surgery, virus, congenital
Vocal Fold Paralysis treatment
surgery, collagen injection, voice Tx
Bowing
spindle shaped glottis, folds cannot fully adduct
Bowing cause
atrophy of vf, presbylaryngis (aging)
Bowing treatment
voice therapy, collagen injection, surgery
Vocal tremor
shaky voice, upper body, head, and vocal tremor
Vocal tremor cause
highly hereditary
vocal tremor parts of brain involved
cerebellum, thalamus, brain stem
Vocal tremor treatment
botox, meds (BP meds), some Tx techniques
is vocal tremor typical or common in elderly?
common
Spasmodic Dysphonia
vf are adducting too tightly
Spasmodic Dysphonia cause
involuntary spasms
Spasmodic Dysphonia treatments
botox injection into TA muscle
Respiratory dystonia
uncontrollable, sometimes painful spasms of adductor muscles and respiratory muscles
Respiratory dystonia causes
unknown; genetic, serious anti-depressants
Respiratory dystonia treatment
neurologist
Secondary Neurological
VD associated with another neurological condition
Secondary Neurological cause
parkinson’s, ALS
Secondary Neurological treatment
address primary condition, voice Tx
