Voice Disorders

Question 1

Chronic laryngitis
vocal nodules
polyps
cysts
Reinke’s Eduma
are all examples of?

Answer 1

Hyperfunctional Voice Disorders

Question 2

Hyperfunctional Voice disorders are caused by

Answer 2

Vocal misuse/abuse

Question 3

A voice disorders is

Answer 3

Characterized by a change in the QUALITY, PITCH or LOUDNESS of the voice different from what is expected of someone of the same age and gender.

Question 4

What happens with vocal folds thickening?

Answer 4

Lower pitch
Husky voice

Think: strings on a guitar
Thicker strings vibrate slowly making the sound of the voice lower.

If the vf don’t vibrate smoothly (maybe because the thickening isn’t event) the voice may sound rough/ husky. like when a instrument needs a tune up.

Question 5

Why do vf thicken?

Answer 5

Vocal abuse or misuse
Laryngitis
Benign vf lesion: e.g nodules
Getting older
smoking ormonal changes

Question 6

Shimmer

Answer 6

Shimmer= Loudness
It looks at how evenly you can keep the volume of your voice. A high amount of shimmer means your voice might sound uneven or fluctuate in loudness, making it seem like its flickering in volume.

Question 7

Jitter

Answer 7

Jitter=pitch
It measures how steady your pitch is when you speak or sing. If your voice has a lot of jitter, it might sound shaky or wobbly because the pitch isn’t correct.

Question 8

Diplophonia

Answer 8

Two simultanous pitches at the same time
Happens when the vfs vibrates unevenly or in a mismatched way.
Di= two

Question 9

Stridency

Answer 9

When the voice sounds really harsh and painfully sharp (kinda like a screech of a microphone feedback)
Results from too much tension in the vf, making the voice sound forceful and loud.
(lady from the Simpson’s)

Question 10

Hypertonicity of the vf

Answer 10

Think: VF are super tight or tense. Its like theyre working out too hard and cant relax, making the voice sound strained or squeezed.

This tension can make speaking effortful and uncomfortable

Question 11

Supraglottic

Answer 11

The cancer above the vf, involving areas like the epiglottis. It’s not the right classification because the patient’s tumor is not above, but at the vf.

Question 12

Subglottic

Answer 12

This type is below the vf. The patient’s cancer isnt described as being lower thn the vf, so this classification doenst match

Question 13

Metastatic

Answer 13

When cancer spreads from its original location to other parts of the body.

Question 14

Glottic cancer

Answer 14

Cancer that originates in the glottis. It can result is hoarseness and persistent sore throat.

Question 15

Hemangiomas (causes and symptoms)

Answer 15

Noncancerous soft and blood-filled tumors. They arise due to irritation from prolonged irritation or acid reflux or it could be congenital.

Symptoms:
Hoarseness
Breathing issues: congenital hemangiomas can cause stridor or difficulty breathing due to airway obstruction.

Question 16

Hemangioma treatment

Answer 16

Surgical removal and post-op voice therapy to improve vocal function

Question 17

Verices (cause and symptoms)

Answer 17

Enlarged veins found in the vocal fold tissue, often due to the strain from vocal overuse or trauma.

Women are more prone due to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle.

Symptoms: hoarseness and loss in the upper vocal range

Question 18

Varcies Treatment

Answer 18

Voice rest, vocal hygiene education to minimize strain and surgery in severe cases.

Question 19

Muscle Tension Dysphonia

Answer 19

Excessive muscular tension affecting voice quality

Question 20

Paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder (PVFM)
(causes, and symptoms)

Answer 20

The vf closing inappropriately during breathing, resulting in symptoms that mimics an asthma attack (difficulty breathing, hoarseness and high-pitched inhalation noises[stridor].

Causes:
Psychological and physiological triggers (sensitivity to airway irritants [e.g., smoke or post nasal drip].

most common in individuals 10-40 years

Question 21

Paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder (PVFM)
(treatment)

Answer 21

Psychological support, medical management, and behavioral techniques like voice therapy and respiratory training.
Visual biofeedback and relaxation exercises for kids.

Question 22

Puberphonia

Answer 22

Prepubesent voice happening throughout puberty. Best treated in the teens or early 20’s to prevent vocal muscles from atrophying die to prolonged use of the falsetto voice.

symptoms: Persistently high-pitch inappropriate for the age and physical development of the larynx.

Question 23

Puberphonia Treatment

Answer 23

Exercises to lower pitch such as digital manipulation of the thyroid cartilage.
Helps clients use a more age-appropriate pitch during speech.

Question 24

Hyperkerratosis (causes and symptoms)

Answer 24

Rough, pinkish lesions (usually benign) that affect the epithelial cover and the superficial layer of the lamina propria.

Caused by: smoking, acid reflux or vocal misuse

Symptoms: hoarseness, reduced loudness, and lower pitch.

Usually benign but cab be precursors to cancer.

Question 25

Hyperkerratosis (treatment)

Answer 25

• Removing irritants
• possibly surgery to remove growths
• Voice therapy to improve vocal function

Question 26

Formant frequencies F1

Answer 26

Reflects the height of the tongue in the mouth. It is primarily associated with vowel height
THE LOWER THE TONGUE, THE HIGHER THE F1 FREQUENCY

High F1= low tongue position (e.g., “a” in “father”
Low F1= High tongue position (e.g., “ee” in “see”)

Question 27

Formant frequencies F2

Answer 27

Indicated the front-back position of the tongue, related to the vowel’s frontness or backness. THE MORE FORWARD THE TONGUE, THE HIGHER THE F2 FREQUENCY

High F2= Tongue front in mouth (e.g., “e” in bed”)

Lowe F2= Tongue back in mouth (e.g., “o” on “go”)