Voice Disorders Flashcards
Chronic laryngitis
vocal nodules
polyps
cysts
Reinke’s Eduma
are all examples of?
Hyperfunctional Voice Disorders
Hyperfunctional Voice disorders are caused by
Vocal misuse/abuse
A voice disorders is
Characterized by a change in the QUALITY, PITCH or LOUDNESS of the voice different from what is expected of someone of the same age and gender.
What happens with vocal folds thickening?
Lower pitch
Husky voice
Think: strings on a guitar
Thicker strings vibrate slowly making the sound of the voice lower.
If the vf don’t vibrate smoothly (maybe because the thickening isn’t event) the voice may sound rough/ husky. like when a instrument needs a tune up.
Why do vf thicken?
Vocal abuse or misuse
Laryngitis
Benign vf lesion: e.g nodules
Getting older
smoking ormonal changes
Shimmer
Shimmer= Loudness
It looks at how evenly you can keep the volume of your voice. A high amount of shimmer means your voice might sound uneven or fluctuate in loudness, making it seem like its flickering in volume.
Jitter
Jitter=pitch
It measures how steady your pitch is when you speak or sing. If your voice has a lot of jitter, it might sound shaky or wobbly because the pitch isn’t correct.
Diplophonia
Two simultanous pitches at the same time
Happens when the vfs vibrates unevenly or in a mismatched way.
Di= two
Stridency
When the voice sounds really harsh and painfully sharp (kinda like a screech of a microphone feedback)
Results from too much tension in the vf, making the voice sound forceful and loud.
(lady from the Simpson’s)
Hypertonicity of the vf
Think: VF are super tight or tense. Its like theyre working out too hard and cant relax, making the voice sound strained or squeezed.
This tension can make speaking effortful and uncomfortable
Supraglottic
The cancer above the vf, involving areas like the epiglottis. It’s not the right classification because the patient’s tumor is not above, but at the vf.
Subglottic
This type is below the vf. The patient’s cancer isnt described as being lower thn the vf, so this classification doenst match
Metastatic
When cancer spreads from its original location to other parts of the body.
Glottic cancer
Cancer that originates in the glottis. It can result is hoarseness and persistent sore throat.
Hemangiomas (causes and symptoms)
Noncancerous soft and blood-filled tumors. They arise due to irritation from prolonged irritation or acid reflux or it could be congenital.
Symptoms:
Hoarseness
Breathing issues: congenital hemangiomas can cause stridor or difficulty breathing due to airway obstruction.
Hemangioma treatment
Surgical removal and post-op voice therapy to improve vocal function
Verices (cause and symptoms)
Enlarged veins found in the vocal fold tissue, often due to the strain from vocal overuse or trauma.
Women are more prone due to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle.
Symptoms: hoarseness and loss in the upper vocal range
Varcies Treatment
Voice rest, vocal hygiene education to minimize strain and surgery in severe cases.
Muscle Tension Dysphonia
Excessive muscular tension affecting voice quality
Paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder (PVFM)
(causes, and symptoms)
The vf closing inappropriately during breathing, resulting in symptoms that mimics an asthma attack (difficulty breathing, hoarseness and high-pitched inhalation noises[stridor].
Causes:
Psychological and physiological triggers (sensitivity to airway irritants [e.g., smoke or post nasal drip].
most common in individuals 10-40 years
Paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder (PVFM)
(treatment)
Psychological support, medical management, and behavioral techniques like voice therapy and respiratory training.
Visual biofeedback and relaxation exercises for kids.
Puberphonia
Prepubesent voice happening throughout puberty. Best treated in the teens or early 20’s to prevent vocal muscles from atrophying die to prolonged use of the falsetto voice.
symptoms: Persistently high-pitch inappropriate for the age and physical development of the larynx.
Puberphonia Treatment
Exercises to lower pitch such as digital manipulation of the thyroid cartilage.
Helps clients use a more age-appropriate pitch during speech.
Hyperkerratosis (causes and symptoms)
Rough, pinkish lesions (usually benign) that affect the epithelial cover and the superficial layer of the lamina propria.
Caused by: smoking, acid reflux or vocal misuse
Symptoms: hoarseness, reduced loudness, and lower pitch.
Usually benign but cab be precursors to cancer.
Hyperkerratosis (treatment)
- Removing irritants
- possibly surgery to remove growths
- Voice therapy to improve vocal function
Formant frequencies F1
Reflects the height of the tongue in the mouth. It is primarily associated with vowel height
THE LOWER THE TONGUE, THE HIGHER THE F1 FREQUENCY
High F1= low tongue position (e.g., “a” in “father”
Low F1= High tongue position (e.g., “ee” in “see”)
Formant frequencies F2
Indicated the front-back position of the tongue, related to the vowel’s frontness or backness. THE MORE FORWARD THE TONGUE, THE HIGHER THE F2 FREQUENCY
High F2= Tongue front in mouth (e.g., “e” in bed”)
Lowe F2= Tongue back in mouth (e.g., “o” on “go”)