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Optometry > Vocabulary words Test 1 > Flashcards

Vocabulary words Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Accomodation

A

Focus; increase in optical power by the eye in order to maintain a clear image as objects are moved closer

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2
Q

Albinism

A

lack of pigment in eyes, skin, and hair. can occur just in the eyes

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3
Q

amblyopia

A

decreased vision in eye(s) without detectable health problems; commonly called lazy eye

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4
Q

ametropia

A

the condition of having a refractive error (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, or presbyopia)

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5
Q

anisocoria

A

unequal pupil size

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6
Q

anisometropia

A

unequal refractive error in the eyes; at least 1 D difference

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7
Q

asthenopia

A

symptom of eyestrain, may also include headache and browache

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8
Q

astigmatism

A

refractive error where refractive power is not uniform in all directions; light rays are bent differently in one meridian vs 90 degrees away;

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9
Q

astigmatism

A

cyl or cylinder

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10
Q

binocularity

A

the ability to use both eyes together; resulting in depth perception/ stereopsis; lack of results in double vision or lack of depth perception/ stereopsis

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11
Q

cataract (cat)

A

condition where the crystalline lens becomes cloudy or partially opaque; may be congenital, due to age (senile), or traumatic; lens may have to be surgically removed if vision is affected

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12
Q

chalazion (plural chalazia)

A

chronic inflamed gland in the eyelid, commonly called “stye”

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13
Q

congenital

A

condition present since birth or shortly after

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14
Q

convergence insufficiency (CI)

A

condition where one has difficulty “crossing” eyes as near to fixate binocularly, can result in double vision or eye strain

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15
Q

corneal abrasion (K abrasion)

A

scraped area of corneal surface with loss of superficial cells (epithelium); causes pain and photophobia

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16
Q

corneal laceration

A

full thickness penetration of the cornea; results in ruptured globe

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17
Q

corneal topography

A

map of the variations of curvature in the cornea, like a geographical relief map of the cornea

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18
Q

corneal ulcer

A

localized infection in anterior portion of cornea, can be bacterial, fungal, or viral, commonly secondary to contact lens overwear

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19
Q

diabetic retinopathy (DR)

A

changes in the retina due to longstanding or uncontrolled DM, may include hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, exudates, and neovascularization

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20
Q

diagnosis (Dx); plural diagnoses

A

the decision reached after examination to investigate the nature and circumstances of a disease process; what the disease is,

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21
Q

diopter (D)

A

unit of measure to designate refractive power of a lens

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22
Q

diplopia

A

perception of two images from one object; double vision

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23
Q

dry eye syndrome (DES)

A

corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production

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24
Q

emmetropia

A

having no refractive error,

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25
Q

emmetrope

A

slang for someone who doesn’t need glasses

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26
Q

epilation

A

the removal of hair or eyelashes; may be plucked or by electrolysis

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27
Q

etiology

A

the cause of a disease or abnormal condition

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28
Q

foreign body

A

an object that doesn’t belong; can be corneal, conjunctival, or intraocular

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29
Q

foreign body sensation (FBS)

A

symptom of grittiness or feeling something in the eye, can be due to a foreign body or not (eg dry eye syndrome)

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30
Q

fundus, plural fundi

A

interior posterior surface of the eyeball; includes retina, optic disc, macula, posterior pole

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31
Q

glaucoma (glc)

A

group of diseases characterized by damage to the optic nerve and retinal nerve fibers resulting in loss of peripheral vision; treated with topical meds (eyedrops) oral meds, laser, or surgery

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32
Q

hemorrhage; slang word heme

A

bleeding, may be seen in retina, conjunctiva, anterior chamber, choroid, etc

33
Q

hordeolum; plural hordeola

A

acute inflamed gland in the eyelid, commonly called the stye; when chronic called chalazion

34
Q

hyperopia

A

refractive error where the eye is underpowered; pt requires plus lenses to correct; also called hypermetropia, farsightedness

35
Q

idiopathic

A

having an unknown cause, no recognizable etiology

36
Q

intraocular pressure (IOP)

A

fluid pressure inside the eye; measured with tonometry

37
Q

itis

A

suffix indicating inflammation of the structure

38
Q

kerato

A

prefix indicating relating to the cornea

39
Q

legal blindness

A

best-corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or worse, or reduction in visual field to 20 degrees or less in the better seeing eye

40
Q

lenticular

A

pertaining to the crystalline lens

41
Q

leukocoria

A

any condition that results in a white pupil eg cataract retinoblastoma etc

42
Q

manifest refraction (M), slang “manifest” or “refraction”

A

test to determine the refractive prescription of the eye

43
Q

morbidity

A

disease

44
Q

mortality

A

death ( can refer to cell death)

45
Q

myopia, nearsightedness, slang term myope (if referring to the patient with myopia)

A

refractive error where the eye is overpowered, pt requires minus lenses to correct,

46
Q

neovascularization (NV)

A

pathologic abnormal formation of new blood vessels; can occur on retina, choroid, iris, optic disc, or anterior chamber angle

47
Q

nystagmus

A

small, repetitive, involuntary, rhythmic side to side or up and down movements of the eyes “shaking” of the eyes

48
Q

ocular hypertension (OHTN)

A

condition where the pt has elevated IOPs, but no signs of glaucoma

49
Q

oculus dexter (OD)

A

right eye

50
Q

oculus sinister (OS)

A

left eye

51
Q

oculus uterque (OU)

A

both eyes used together

52
Q

ophthalmology. “prefix” ophthalmic

A

medical specialty dealing with the eye

53
Q

optic nerve head/ optic disc (ONH/)

A

interchangeable terms referring to the portion of the optic nerve visible upon fundus examination; denotes the exit of retinal nerve fibers from the eye and entrance of blood vessels to the eye

54
Q

optical coherence tomography (OCT)

A

imaging instrument used to create ocular ultasounds giving cross-sectional views of the eye and measurments of tissue thickness; used to evaluate glaucoma (ONH), retinal pathologies, and anterior segment disorders

55
Q

papilledema

A

swelling of optic discs due to increased intracranial pressure

56
Q

papillo

A

prefix indicating related to optic disc

57
Q

pathologic

A

caused by a disease or abnormal function; due to pathology

58
Q

phakia

A

suffix relating to the crystalline lens,

59
Q

aphakia

A

without lens

60
Q

phakic

A

with lens

61
Q

phthisis bulbi, also called phthisical eye

A

diseased or damaged eyeball that has lost function and shrunk

62
Q

physiologic

A

normal condition or function; opposite of pathologic

63
Q

posterior vitreous detachment (PVD)

A

separation of the vitreous gel from the retinal surface; usually age- or trauma related; causes floater in vision

64
Q

presbyopia

A

refractive condition in which there is diminished focusing ability due to age; usually presents after age 40; requires add (bifocal or near only glasses) for near viewing

65
Q

prognosis (Px)

A

prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease

66
Q

prophylaxis (noun), prophylactic (adjective)

A

prevention, preventative

67
Q

ptosis

A

drooping of upper eyelid, ptotic lid

68
Q

refractive surgeries

A

various procedures that alter the shape of the cornea of insert an artificial lens into the eye to change the eye’s refractive power. eg LASIK, PRK, RK, phalic IOL

69
Q

retinal detachment (RD)

A

separation of the sensory retina from its underlying structures; requires surgical repair

70
Q

retinitis pigmentosa (RP)

A

group of diseases characterized by the progressive retinal degeneration of both eyes; night blindness with loss of peripheral vision initially

71
Q

strabismus/ tropia/ eye turn/ squint

A

interchangeable terms for eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance

72
Q

superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK)

A

corneal condition consisting of multiple pinpoint epithelial defects; non-specific sign indicating corneal problems, eg DES

73
Q

tear breakup time (TBUT)

A

test for tear function. dye (sodium fluorescein) is instilled in the eye, and the time interval (in seconds) until the dye “breaks up” is measured indicating the viability of the tear film

74
Q

tear film

A

liquid that coats the cornea and conjunctiva

75
Q

trichiasis

A

misdirected eyelash that turns inward towards the eyeball; may scratch the cornea

76
Q

uveitis

A

inflammation of any of the structures of the uvea, iris, ciliary body, or choroid, eg iritis, iridocyclitis, choroiditis

77
Q

visual acuity (VA)

A

measurement of the eye’s ability to distinguish object details and shape

78
Q

visual field (VF)

A

full extent of the area visible to an eye that is fixating straight ahead, measured in degrees from fixation “side vision”, “peripheral vision”, a test done to evaluate the function of the optic nerve and retina, commonly done to evaluate glaucoma

Optometry (3 decks)

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