vocabulary words Flashcards
chemistry
the branch of science that deals with the identification of the substances of which matter is composed; the investigation of their properties and the ways in which they interact, combine, and change; and the use of these processes to form new substances.
matter
physical substance in general, as distinct from mind and spirit; (in physics) that which occupies space and possesses rest mass, especially as distinct from energy.
“the structure and properties of matter”
extensive properties
An intensive property is a bulk property, meaning that it is a physical property of a system that does not depend on the system size or the amount of material in the system. … Mass and volume are extensive properties, but hardness is intensiv
intensive prperties
An intensive property is a bulk property, meaning that it is a physical property of a system that does not depend on the system size or the amount of material in the system. … Mass and volume are extensive properties, but hardness is intensive.
mass
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object. Mass is usually measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg).
volume
Volume Definition. Volume is the quantity of three-dimensional space occupied by a liquid, solid, or gas. Common units used to express volume include liters, cubic meters, gallons, milliliters, teaspoons and ounces.Mar 15, 2017
physical properties
Physical Properties: Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter. Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter. Physical properties include: appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, polarity, and many others.
physical change
Physical changes are changes affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition. Physical changes are used to separate mixtures into their component compounds, but can not usually be used to separate compounds into chemical elements or simpler compounds.
chemical property
Chemistry. a property or characteristic of a substance that is observed during a reaction in which the chemical composition or identity of the substance is changed: Combustibility is an important chemical property to consider when choosing building materials.
chemical change
a usually irreversible chemical reaction involving the rearrangement of the atoms of one or more substances and a change in their chemical properties or composition, resulting in the formation of at least one new substance: The formation of rust on iron is a chemical change.
phase (phase of matter)
Phase Definition. In chemistry and physics, a phase is a physically distinctive form of matter, such as a solid, liquid, gas or plasma. A phase of matter is characterized by having relatively uniform chemical and physical properties. Phases are different from states of matter
solid
A solid is a state of matter characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable. The constituents of a solid tend to be packed together much closer than the particles in a gas or liquid.
liquid
A liquid is one state in which matter can exist. A liquid can take the shape of any container it is placed in (unlike a solid), but the volume of the liquid will always remain constant (unlike a gas).
gas
A gas is a state of matter with no defined shape or volume. Gases have their own unique behavior depending on a variety of variables, such as temperature, pressure, and volume
freezing
The process through which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid. All liquids except helium undergo freezing when the temperature becomes sufficiently cold.
melting
Melting, or fusion, is a physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid. This occurs when the internal energy of the solid increases, typically by the application of heat or pressure, which increases the substance’s temperature to the melting point.
vaporization
Vaporization, conversion of a substance from the liquid or solid phase into the gaseous (vapour) phase. If conditions allow the formation of vapour bubbles within a liquid, the vaporization process is called boiling. Direct conversion from solid to vapour is called sublimation.
element
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. An element is composed of atoms that have the same atomic number, that is, each atom has the same number of protons in its nucleus as all other atoms of that element.
chemical symbol
chemical symbol. noun. an abbreviation or short representation of a chemical element; the symbols in the periodic table. Natural elements all have chemical symbols of one or two letters; some manmade elements have three-letter symbols.
compound
A compound is a substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together. … The type of bonds holding elements together in a compound can vary: two common types are covalent bonds and ionic bonds. The elements in any compound are always present in fixed ratios.
mixture
In chemistry, a mixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are mixed but are not combined chemically. A mixture refers to the physical combination of two or more substances in which the identities are retained and are mixed in the form of solutions, suspensions, and colloids.
homogeneous mixture
An example of a homogeneous mixture is air. In physical chemistry and materials science that refers to substances and mixtures which are in a single phase. This is in contrast to a substance that is heterogeneous.
solution
In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. In such a mixture, a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent.
heterogeneous mixture
A heterogeneous mixture is simply any mixture that is not uniform in composition – it’s a non-uniform mixture of smaller constituent parts. Using various means, the parts in the mixture can be separated from one another.
