Vocabulary Terms & Main Ideas: Review IV

Question 1

New Kingdom

Answer 1

The New Kingdom was a period in ancient Egyptian history, spanning from the 16th century BC to the 11th century BC, characterized by the rise of powerful pharaohs, extensive territorial expansion, and major cultural achievements.

Question 2

Pharaoh

Answer 2

A pharaoh was the ruler of ancient Egypt, considered to be both a political leader and a divine representative of the gods.

Question 3

Queen Hatshepsut

Answer 3

Queen Hatshepsut was a powerful female pharaoh who ruled ancient Egypt in the 15th century BC, known for her successful military campaigns, extensive building projects, and promotion of trade.

Question 4

Thutmose III

Answer 4

Thutmose III was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh who ruled during the New Kingdom period and is known for his military campaigns and expansion of the Egyptian empire.

Question 5

Empire

Answer 5

An empire is a group of territories or nations controlled by a single supreme authority, often an emperor or a monarch.

Question 6

Amenhotep IV

Answer 6

Amenhotep IV, also known as Akhenaten, was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh who introduced a new religion and a unique artistic style during his reign in the 14th century BC.

Question 7

Polytheism

Answer 7

Polytheism is the belief in and worship of multiple gods or deities.

Question 8

Aton

Answer 8

Aton was the sun disk deity worshiped during the reign of Pharaoh Akhenaten and Queen Nefertiti in ancient Egypt, as a representation of the singular god in their monotheistic religion.

Question 9

Akhenaten

Answer 9

Akhenaten was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh who introduced a new monotheistic religion centered around the worship of the sun god Aton during his reign in the 14th century BC.

Question 10

Ramesses II

Answer 10

Ramesses II, also known as Ramesses the Great, was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh who reigned during the 19th dynasty and is known for his military campaigns, building projects, and cultural achievements.

Question 11

Ramesses III

Answer 11

Ramesses III was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh who ruled during the 20th dynasty and is known for his military victories, building projects, and efforts to maintain stability in Egypt amidst external and internal threats.

Question 12

Fertile Crescent

Answer 12

The Fertile Crescent is a crescent-shaped region in the Middle East, spanning from the eastern Mediterranean coast through the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys, and known for its fertile soil, early civilizations, and significant historical and cultural developments.

Question 13

Mesopotamia

Answer 13

Mesopotamia is an ancient region located in the eastern Mediterranean, comprising the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and known for its early civilization, innovations, and cultural and historical developments.

Question 14

Sumerians

Answer 14

The Sumerians were an ancient civilization that inhabited Mesopotamia and are known for their invention of writing, development of early cities, and significant contributions to art, religion, and literature.

Question 15

Sumer

Answer 15

Sumer was an ancient civilization located in southern Mesopotamia that is known for its innovations in agriculture, government, religion, and literature, and considered to be one of the earliest civilizations in human history.

Question 16

City-state

Answer 16

A city-state is a self-governing urban center and the surrounding territory that functions as an independent political entity with its own laws, government, and culture.

Question 17

Ziggurat

Answer 17

A ziggurat is a massive, stepped pyramid-like structure that was used in ancient Mesopotamia as a temple or religious center.

Question 18

Cuneiform system

Answer 18

The cuneiform system was a form of writing used in ancient Mesopotamia, characterized by wedge-shaped marks made on clay tablets using a stylus, and was used for record-keeping, literature, and communication.

Question 19

Hieroglyphics

Answer 19

Hieroglyphics were a system of writing used by the ancient Egyptians, characterized by pictorial or symbolic representations of words and sounds, and were used for record-keeping, religious texts, and communication.

Question 20

Eduba

Answer 20

The Eduba was an educational institution in ancient Mesopotamia that trained scribes and other officials in reading, writing, mathematics, and other skills necessary for administrative work.

Question 21

Gilgamesh

Answer 21

The Epic of Gilgamesh is an ancient Mesopotamian poem that tells the story of the legendary hero Gilgamesh and his adventures, and explores themes of mortality, friendship, and the search for meaning in life.

Question 22

An

Answer 22

An is the ancient Mesopotamian god of the sky, who was revered by the Sumerians and Akkadians and was considered to be one of the most important deities in their pantheon.

Question 23

Enlil

Answer 23

Enlil was the ancient Mesopotamian god of the earth, wind, and storms, who was revered by the Sumerians and later by the Babylonians and Assyrians, and was considered to be one of the most powerful deities in their pantheon.

Question 24

Sargon I

Answer 24

Sargon of Akkad was an ancient Mesopotamian ruler who founded the Akkadian Empire in the 24th century BC, and is known for his military campaigns, innovations, and contributions to Mesopotamian culture and civilization.

Question 25

Akkadian

Answer 25

Akkadian refers to an ancient Semitic language and civilization that emerged in Mesopotamia during the 3rd millennium BC, and was used as the lingua franca of the region during the Akkadian Empire.

Question 26

Akkad

Answer 26

Akkad was an ancient city-state located in Mesopotamia, and was the capital of the Akkadian Empire founded by Sargon of Akkad in the 24th century BC.

Question 27

Ebla

Answer 27

Ebla was an ancient city located in Syria, known for its significant archaeological discoveries of the Ebla tablets which contained important information about the language, culture, and politics of the ancient Near East.

Question 28

Amorites

Answer 28

The Amorites were a group of ancient Semitic people who lived in Mesopotamia during the 3rd millennium BC, and were known for their military prowess and their establishment of several city-states in the region.

Question 29

Hammurabi

Answer 29

Hammurabi was an ancient Babylonian king who ruled from 1792 to 1750 BC, and is known for his code of laws, the Code of Hammurabi, which established a set of rules and punishments for various crimes and social behaviors.

Question 30

Hammurabi’s Code

Answer 30

Hammurabi’s Code is a set of ancient Babylonian laws created by Hammurabi, which established rules and punishments for various crimes and social behaviors, and is one of the oldest known legal codes in human history.

Question 31

Hittites

Answer 31

The Hittites were an ancient people who lived in Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) during the Bronze Age, and were known for their military power, advanced iron-working technology, and their contribution to the development of international diplomacy and treaties.