Vocabulary - pt. 2 Flashcards
backdoor
a loophole in a computer’s security systems that allows a hacker to gain access
Often deliberately built in by developers for illicit purposes
backup
copying data to ensure its availability in the case of computer failure of loss
bandwidth
speed at which a network can transmit data (speed of interne or internet connections)
biometric
using body measurements as a means of authentication (such as fingerprints, irises)
BIOS password
BIOS software is built into the PC, and is the first software run by a PC when powered up.
can be password protected which stops PC from starting up
bit
basic binary unit of data, representing 0 or 1
bluetooth
short-range wireless connection between devices
boot
start up or reset a computer, mobile phone, or tablet
bootpassword
needed before a computer starts up or any OS can be loaded
botnet
collection of otherwise unrelated PCs which have been infected by a virus and which are under the central control of criminals or hackers.
(Robot Network)
browser
program that lets users read and navigate pages on the internet
buffer
region of memory in which data is temporarily held before it is transferred between two locations or devices
buffer overflow
when more information is added to a buffer than it was designed to hold.
An attacker may exploit this vulnerability to take over a system
bug
error or flaw in a computer program
byte
unit or measure of computer memory, usually consisting of 8 binary digits (bits) processed together; usually enough to store a single letter or digit
certificate
encrypted file containing user or server ID info used to verify a website’s owner’s identity and to help establish security-enhanced link
chargeback
process of reversing a transaction and return of payment to a customer
client
application or system that accesses a service made available by a server
-generally refers to a personal computer on a network
cloud/cloud computing
delivery of storage and computing capacity to end users via the internet. Commonly used for backing up data and hosting applications.
cookie
small file which asks permission to be placed on your computer’s hard drive.
-allows web apps to personalize your experience by gathering and remembering information about your preferences
cracking
finding a password or PIN by trying many combinations of characters
critical update
software update that fixes a security flaw
