Vocabulary - pt. 2

Question 1

backdoor

Answer 1

a loophole in a computer’s security systems that allows a hacker to gain access
Often deliberately built in by developers for illicit purposes

Question 2

backup

Answer 2

copying data to ensure its availability in the case of computer failure of loss

Question 3

bandwidth

Answer 3

speed at which a network can transmit data (speed of interne or internet connections)

Question 4

biometric

Answer 4

using body measurements as a means of authentication (such as fingerprints, irises)

Question 5

BIOS password

Answer 5

BIOS software is built into the PC, and is the first software run by a PC when powered up.
can be password protected which stops PC from starting up

Question 6

bit

Answer 6

basic binary unit of data, representing 0 or 1

Question 7

bluetooth

Answer 7

short-range wireless connection between devices

Question 8

boot

Answer 8

start up or reset a computer, mobile phone, or tablet

Question 9

bootpassword

Answer 9

needed before a computer starts up or any OS can be loaded

Question 10

botnet

Answer 10

collection of otherwise unrelated PCs which have been infected by a virus and which are under the central control of criminals or hackers.
(Robot Network)

Question 11

browser

Answer 11

program that lets users read and navigate pages on the internet

Question 12

buffer

Answer 12

region of memory in which data is temporarily held before it is transferred between two locations or devices

Question 13

buffer overflow

Answer 13

when more information is added to a buffer than it was designed to hold.
An attacker may exploit this vulnerability to take over a system

Question 14

bug

Answer 14

error or flaw in a computer program

Question 15

byte

Answer 15

unit or measure of computer memory, usually consisting of 8 binary digits (bits) processed together; usually enough to store a single letter or digit

Question 16

certificate

Answer 16

encrypted file containing user or server ID info used to verify a website’s owner’s identity and to help establish security-enhanced link

Question 17

chargeback

Answer 17

process of reversing a transaction and return of payment to a customer

Question 18

client

Answer 18

application or system that accesses a service made available by a server
-generally refers to a personal computer on a network

Question 19

cloud/cloud computing

Answer 19

delivery of storage and computing capacity to end users via the internet. Commonly used for backing up data and hosting applications.

Question 20

cookie

Answer 20

small file which asks permission to be placed on your computer’s hard drive.
-allows web apps to personalize your experience by gathering and remembering information about your preferences

Question 21

cracking

Answer 21

finding a password or PIN by trying many combinations of characters

Question 22

critical update

Answer 22

software update that fixes a security flaw