Vocabulary on Quizzes Flashcards
What is electronegativity?
The ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself in a chemical bond
What are resonance structures?
Two or more valid Lewis structures connected by arrows
What is a covalent bond?
2 electrons shared between two atoms
What is a free radical?
An unpaired electron
The electron geometry is determined by the number of :
Bonding groups + lone pairs
A molecule is polar if:
There is a net dipole moment
Hybrid orbitals are formed:
From the combination of standard atomic orbitals
Present in all molecules and atoms, and is a result of fluctuations in electron distribution within molecules or atoms:
London dispersion forces
Dipole-dipole forces exist:
Between all molecules that are polar
In a __________ reaction, the rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of reactant
First order
What is a half-life reaction ?
The time it takes for the concentration to reach one-half it’s original value
Le Châtelier’s principle states that when a chemical system at equilibrium is disturbed,
The system shifts in the direction that minimizes the disturbance
A conjugate acid is
Related to a base that has accepted a proton
An Arrehenius acid is
A substance that produces H+ ions in aqueous solution
A buffer is a solution that:
Resists pH change by neutralizing added acid or a base
