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Art Humanities > Vocabulary Midterm Exam > Flashcards

Vocabulary Midterm Exam Flashcards

1
Q

B.C.

A

Before Christ

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2
Q

AD

A

Anno Domini

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3
Q

Acropolis

A

City in the Heights. Ancient citadel where the Parthenon is located

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4
Q

Cella or Naos

A

Inner chamber of a Classical Greek temple. Where the image of the deity is

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5
Q

Entasis

A

Gradual tapering of a column’s shaft

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6
Q

Post and lintel architecture

A

Style of architecture characterized by strong horizontal elements supported by strong vertical elements

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7
Q

Archaic Sculpture

A

Abstract Idealism. Frontal pose, rigid posture, arms attached to hips

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8
Q

Classical Sculpture

A

Natural idealism. Contraposto, no emotion

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9
Q

Hellenistic Sculpture

A

Realism. Signs of aging, facial expression, closed posture

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10
Q

Contraposto

A

Wight shifted on one side of the body. Shoulders and hips not level.

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11
Q

Abstract

A

Not reflecting reality exactly

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12
Q

Ideal/Idealistic

A

Unrealistically aiming for perfection

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13
Q

Apse

A

The semicircular or polygonal space containing the high altar. Located on the eastern side of the church

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14
Q

Dome and Half dome

A

A rounded vault forming the roof of a building

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15
Q

Pendentive

A

Curved triangular structure that helps support a dome over a square room

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16
Q

Aisle

A

Longitudinal passageway on both sides of the nave

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17
Q

Round arch

A

Curved or semicircular structures that span a passageway and transfer wight to both sides of the passageway

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18
Q

Keystone

A

Wedge shaped stone at the summit of an arch that locks the structure together

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19
Q

Voussoir

A

The stones that form an arch

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20
Q

Gallery

A

Interior spaces at an upper story that overlook the space below

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21
Q

Mosaic

A

Picture or pattern made from small colored pieces of hard material such as stone or glass

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22
Q

The Gothic

A

Related to the goths (barbaric tribe). Derogative term used by historians to characterize the architecture predominant in Europe in the mid 12th to the 16th century

23
Q

Pointed Arch

A

An arch arranged in such a way such that the shaped is a point

24
Q

Rib Vault

A

Vaults that contain slender arched supports called ribs that serve both a decorative and structural function. Form a diagonal pattern and meet at the center

25
Q

Flying buttress

A

Exterior stone in the form of arches connecting the wall to a buttress so that the weight of the roof of vault is transferred from the upper part of the wall to the buttress

26
Q

Nave

A

The main central space of a church that accommodates most of the congregation

27
Q

Ambulatory

A

Passageway behind and around the apse

28
Q

Choir

A

The space between the apse and crossing of the nave

29
Q

Transept

A

Transverse arms of a basilican church that are at right angles to the Nave

30
Q

Portal

A

A prominent, monumental entrance on the façade of a building. Like those on the West Façade of the amine church

31
Q

Arcade

A

Lower level of a church consisting of a series of arches carried by columns

32
Q

Triforium

A

An interior gallery or arcade above the arches of a church and overlooking the nave

33
Q

Clerestory

A

Clear story. The uppermost section of the nave, transepts, and choir. Pierced by windows to let light in. Windows usually covered by stained glass depicting old and New Testament scenes

34
Q

The Ummayads

A

Muslim caliphate that ruled Spain from the 8th to the 11th century B.C. Originally based in Damascus, Syria but had to move to a
Spain after being overthrown. Built the Great Mosque of Córdoba

35
Q

Hypostyle Mosque

A

Mosque in which the prayer hall is formed of rows of columns that can multiply indefinitely

36
Q

Mihrab

A

A niche in the wall of a mosque at the point nearest to Mecca, where the congregation turns to pray

37
Q

Horse-shoe arch

A

Can take rounded, pointed, or lobed form and are emblematic of Moorish architecture

38
Q

Cusped arch

A

Arches with circular shapes cut into its interior

39
Q

Maqsura

A

Enclosure near the Mihrab to protect the ruler from an assassin in a Mosque

40
Q

The Renaissance

A

Period in European history that marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity. Lasted from the 14th to the 17th centuries. Characterized by humanism, cult of the artist, and rebirth of classical Greece

41
Q

Linear Perspective

A

One point perspective. Approximate representation usually on a flat surface of an image as it is seen by the eye

42
Q

Vanishing point

A

Point where the two dimensional perspective of two parallel lines meet

43
Q

Horizon line

A

Where the sky meets the ground or the eye level. Line that contains the vanishing point

44
Q

Aerial (atmospheric) perspective

A

Representation of distant objects as fainter and more blue

45
Q

Fresco

A

Water color painting on wet plaster on a wall or ceiling

46
Q

Pietà

A

Representation of the Virgin Mary cradling the dead body of Jesus

47
Q

The Baroque

A

Style of sculpture, painting, architecture, etc that flourished in Europe from the 17th to the mid-18th century. Appeals to emotion

48
Q

Reformation

A

Movement against some practices of the Catholic Church such as commercialization of indulgences and not allowing common people to read the Bible. Started in 1517 with Martin Luther’s 95 Thesis

49
Q

Counter Reformation

A

Catholic Church’s attempt to push back against Reformation. Started in 1545 with the Council of Trent

50
Q

Triptych

A

Altar pieces composed of paintings or sculptures divided into three parts, where the outer panels fold in on the central one

51
Q

Chiaroscuro

A

Use of light and shadow to create the illusion of a light source in a painting. Creates a three-dimensional perspective

52
Q

Impasto

A

Layering of paint or pigment on a painting so that it stands out from the surface

53
Q

Facture

A

The way a painting is created by the artist

54
Q

Baldachin

A

A ceremonial canopy of stone, metal, or fabric over a throne or altar.

Art Humanities (2 decks)

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