Vocabulary HP 3

Question 1

French and Indian War

Answer 1

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.

Question 2

Mercantilism

Answer 2

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought.

Question 3

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 3

Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding Father. One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity. He helped to negotiate French support for the American Revolution.

Question 4

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 4

A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east.

Question 5

George Greenville

Answer 5

Prime Minister of England, began enforcing 1763 Navigation Acts strictly and instituted other taxes the colonists found unbearable.

Question 6

French and Indian War

Answer 6

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley Area. The English won.

Question 7

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Answer 7

1763 - An Indian uprising after the French and Indian War, led by an Ottowa chief named Pontic. They opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in the area. The attacks ended when Pontiac was killed.

Question 8

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 8

A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east.

Question 9

Iroquois Confederacy

Answer 9

An alliance of five northeastern Amerindian peoples (after 1722 six) that made decisions on military and diplomatic issues through a council of representatives. Allied first with the Dutch and later with the English, it dominated New England.

Question 10

Little Turtle

Answer 10

Chief of the Miami who led a Native American alliance that raided U.S. settlements in the Northwest Territory. He was defeated and forced to sign the Treaty of Greenville. Later, he became an advocate for peace.

Question 11

Stamp Act

Answer 11

An act passed by the British parliament in 1756 that raised revenue from the American colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents.

Question 12

Committees of Correspondence

Answer 12

Organization founded by Samuel Adams consisting of a system of communication between patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies.

Question 13

Intolerable Acts

Answer 13

In response to the Boston Tea Party, 4 acts were passed in 1774, the port of Boston closed, reduced the power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troops in barns and empty houses.

Question 14

Jay’s Treaty

Answer 14

Treaty was signed in 1794 between the U.S. and Britain in which Britain sought to improve trade relations and agreed to withdraw from forts in the northwest territory.

Question 15

Pinckney’s Treaty

Answer 15

1795 and established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain. It also defined the boundaries of the United States with the Spanish colonies and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River.

Question 16

Sons of Liberty

Answer 16

A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere.

Question 17

Mercy Otis Warren

Answer 17

American writer and playwright and was known as the “Conscience of the American Revolution”.

Question 18

Loyalists vs. Patriots

Answer 18

Loyalists were loyal to England and the throne. After the war, some still lived in America, but others were driven out. Patriots were those who were for the United States. They were the ones who fought for freedom and were patriotic for America. Loyal to colonists.

Question 19

Washington’s Farewell Address

Answer 19

Warned Americans not to get involved in European affairs, not to make permanent alliances, not to form political parties and to avoid sectionalism.

Question 20

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Answer 20

A French man who believed that human beings are naturally good and free and can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good and be a democracy; social contract.

Question 21

Adam Smith

Answer 21

Scottish moral philosopher and a pioneer of political economics. Seen today as the father of capitalism. Wrote on the wealth of nations (1776); one of the key figures of the Scottish enlightenment.

Question 22

Common Sense

Answer 22

A pamphlet that was written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation.

Question 23

Articles of Confederation

Answer 23

First governing document of US; Created a weak central government; issues with trade-different currencies in each state, tariffs on goods traded between states.

Question 24

Constitutional Convention

Answer 24

Meeting in 1787 of the elected representatives of the thirteen original states to write the Constitution of the United States.

Question 25

Kentucky and Virginia Resolution

Answer 25

Political declarations in favor of states' rights, written by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, in opposition to the Alien and Sedition acts. Maintained that states could nullify federal legislation they regarded as unconstitutional.

Question 26

Abigail Adams

Answer 26

Wife of John Adams. During the Revolutionary War, she wrote letters to her husband describing life on the homefront. She urged her husband to remember America's women in the new government he was helping to create.

Question 27

Battle of Fallen Timbers

Answer 27

Battle between American and Native Americans forces in 1794 over Ohio territory that led to defeat of the native Americans.

Question 28

Shay's Rebellion

Answer 28

Rebellion led by Daniel Shays of farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out.

Question 29

Tidewater Region

Answer 29

Name given to Coastal area in the Southern colonies.

Question 30

Corridors

Answer 30

A strip of natural habitat that connects separated populations.

Question 31

Vaqueros

Answer 31

Skilled riders who herded cattle on ranches in Mexico, California, and the Southwest.

Question 31

Northwest Ordinance

Answer 31

Document that set up government in NW territory and added 5 new states.

Question 32

Coercive Acts

Answer 32

This series of laws were very harsh laws that intended to make Massachusetts pay for its resistance. It also closed down the Boston Harbor until the Massachusetts colonists paid for the ruined tea. Also forced Bostonians to shelter soldiers in their own homes.

Question 33

Writs of Assistance

Answer 33

It was part of the Townshend Acts. It said that the customs officers could inspect a ship's cargo without giving a reason. Colonists protested that the Writs violated their rights as British citizens.

Question 34

Quebec Act

Answer 34

Extended boundaries of Quebec and granted equal rights to Catholics and recognized legality Catholic Church in the territory; colonists feared this meant that a pope would soon oversee the colonies.

Question 35

Declaratory Act

Answer 35

Act passed in 1766 after the repeal of the stamp act; stated that Parliament had authority over the colonies and the right to tax and pass legislation "in all cases whatsoever."

Question 36

Albany Plan of Union

Answer 36

Plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown.

Question 37

Edward Braddock

Answer 37

A British commander during the French and Indian War. He attempted to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755. He was defeated by the French and the Indians. At this battle, he was mortally wounded.

Question 38

Salutary Neglect

Answer 38

An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies.

Question 39

Massachusetts Circular Letter

Answer 39

A letter written in Boston and circulated through the colonies in February 1768, which urged the colonies not to import goods taxed by the Townshend Acts. Boston, New York, and Philadelphia agreed to non-importation.

Question 40

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 40

Meeting where the members agreed that only the colonial governments could tax the colonists.

Question 41

Patrick Henry

Answer 41

"Give me liberty or give me death"; Speech in the Virginia Convention. A member of the Virginia House of Burgesses who persuaded the burgesses to take action against the Stamp Act.

Question 42

James Otis

Answer 42

A colonial lawyer who defended (usually for free) colonial merchants who were accused of smuggling. Argued against the writs of assistance and the Stamp Act.

Question 43

Samuel Adams

Answer 43

American Revolutionary leader and patriot, Founder of the Sons of Liberty and one of the most vocal patriots for independence; signed the Declaration of Independence.

Question 44

John Dickinson

Answer 44

Drafted a declaration of colonial rights and grievances, and also wrote the series of "Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania" in 1767 to protest the Townshend Acts. Although an outspoken critic of British policies towards the colonies, he opposed the Revolution, and, as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1776, refused to sign the Declaration of Independence.

Question 45

John Jay

Answer 45

1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, negotiated with British for Washington.

Question 46

Suffolk Resolves

Answer 46

Agreed to by delegates from Suffolk county, Massachusetts, and approved by the First Continental Congress on October 8, 1774. Nullified the Coercive Acts, closed royal courts, ordered taxes to be paid to colonial governments instead of the royal government, and prepared local militias.

Question 47

Olive Branch Petition

Answer 47

On July 8, 1775, the colonies made a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances (repealed the Coercive Acts, ended the taxation without representation policies). It was rejected by Parliament, which in December 1775, passed the American Prohibitory Act forbidding all further trade with the colonies.

Question 48

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 48

He was a delegate from Virginia at the Second Continental Congress and wrote the Declaration of Independence. He later served as the third president of the United States.

Question 49

Economic sanctions

Answer 49

Boycotts, embargoes, and other economic measures that one country uses to pressure another country into changing its policies.

Question 50

Land Ordinance of 1785

Answer 50

A major success of the Articles of Confederation. Provided for the orderly surveying and distribution of land belonging to the US.

Question 51

Lexington and Concord

Answer 51

The first battle of the Revolution in which British general Thomas Gage went after the stockpiled weapons of the colonists in Concord, Massachusetts.

Question 52

Battle of Bunker Hill

Answer 52

First major battle of the Revolutions. It showed that the Americans could hold their own, but the British were also not easy to defeat. Ultimately, the Americans were forced to withdraw after running out of ammunition, and was in British hands. However, the British suffered more deaths.

Question 53

Battle of Saratoga

Answer 53

Turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson n River, and, most importantly, showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain.

Question 54

Battle of Yorktown

Answer 54

Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781.

Question 55

Treaty of Paris 1783

Answer 55

This treaty ended the Revolutionary War, recognized the independence of the American colonies, and granted the colonies the territory from the southern border of Canada to the northern border of Canada to the northern border of Florida, and from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River.

Question 56

Molly Pitcher

Answer 56

Heroine of the American Revolution who carried water to soldiers and took over her husband's gun when he was wounded, real name was Mary Ludwig Hays (Mary McCauley).

Question 57

James Madison

Answer 57

"Father of the Constitution," federalist leader, and fourth President of the United States.

Question 58

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 58

1789-1795: first secretary of the treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt.

Question 59

Federalists

Answer 59

Supporters of the Constitution that were led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams. They firmly believed the national government should be strong. They did not want the Bill of Rights because they felt citizens' rights were already well protected by the Constitution.

Question 60

Anti-Federalist

Answer 60

A group who opposed the ratification of the Constitution in 1787. They opposed a strong central government (tyranny) and supported states' rights. "I smell a rat."

Question 61

Bill of Rights

Answer 61

First 10 amendments

Question 62

Alien & Sedition Acts

Answer 62

Acts passed by federalists giving the government power to imprison or deport foreign citizens and prosecute critics of the government.

Question 63

Excise Tax

Answer 63

Government imposes a tax on specific goods and services such as alcohol, cigarettes, gasoline, and airline.

Question 64

Treaty of Greenville

Answer 64

This treaty between the Americans and the Native Americans. In exchange for some goods, the Indians gave the United States territory in Ohio. Anthony Wayne was the American representative.

Question 65

Public Land Act 1796

Answer 65

Established orderly procedures for dividing and selling federal lands at reasonable prices. Encouraged new state settlement and founded VT, KY, and TN.

Question 66

Annapolis Convention

Answer 66

A convention held in September 1786 to consider problems of trade and navigation, attended by five states and important because it issued the call to Congress and the states for what became the Constitutional Convention.

Question 67

Virginia Plan

Answer 67

"Large state" proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress. The plan favored larger states and thus prompted smaller states to come back with their own plan for apportioning representation.

Question 68

New Jersey Plan

Answer 68

Opposite of the Virginia Plan, it proposed a single-chamber congress in which each state had one vote. This created a conflict with representation between bigger states, who wanted control befitting their population, and smaller states, who did not want to be bullied by larger states.

Question 69

Great Compromise (Connecticut Plan)

Answer 69

Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature (Senate) and representation based on population in the other house (House of Representatives).

Question 70

Three Fifths Compromise

Answer 70

Compromise between northern and southern states at the Constitutional Convention that three-fifths of the slave population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives.

Question 71

Electoral College

Answer 71

A certain number if electors from each state proportional to and seemingly representative of that state's population. Each elector chooses a candidate believing they are representing their constituency's choice. The candidate who receives a higher proportion of electoral votes within a state receives all the electoral votes for that state.

Question 72

Henry Knox

Answer 72

In 1775, George Washington ordered him, the nation's first secretary of war, to bring the British artillery back to the siege of Boston that was captured at Fort Ticonderoga.

Question 73

Revolution of 1800

Answer 73

Thomas Jefferson and the Democratic Republicans unseated the incumbent federalist party. It was the first time in a western government where a change in the ruling power had occurred so radically, peacefully, and without bloodshed.

Question 74

Citizen Genet

Answer 74

French diplomat who in 1793 tried to draw the United States into the war between France and England (1763-1834).

Question 75

XYZ Affair

Answer 75

An insult to the American delegation when they were supposed to be meeting French foreign minister, Talleyrand, but instead they were sent 3 officials Adams called "X, Y, and Z" that demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see Talleyrand.

Question 76

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 76

In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion.

Question 77

Judiciary Act 1789

Answer 77

Established us federal judiciary-supreme court-13 district courts.