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TOEFL > Vocabulary - History > Flashcards

Vocabulary - History Flashcards

1
Q

The Stone Age is the [period] of human history

before the invention of metal tools.

A

lenght of time, era

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2
Q

The Stone Age is the period of human history

before the [invention] of metal tools.

A

something that has been devised by someone

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3
Q

The earliest known pyramids were
[constructed] in 2600 BCE (Before the
Common Era) when pharaohs ruled over the
kingdom of Egypt.

A

build

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4
Q

The earliest known pyramids were
constructed in 2600 BCE (Before the
Common Era) when pharaohs [ruled] over the
kingdom of Egypt.

A

have control over

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5
Q

The earliest known pyramids were
constructed in 2600 BCE (Before the
Common Era) when pharaohs ruled over the
[kingdom] of Egypt.

A

country that is ruled by a king or monarch

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6
Q

The [society] of ancient Rome was divided
into a hierarchy of several classes, such as
patricians, plebeians, and slaves.

A

community, large organized group of people

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7
Q

The society of ancient Rome was divided
into a [hierarchy] of several classes, such as
patricians, plebeians, and slaves.

A

social structure where upper levels have control over lower levels

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8
Q

The Magna Carta of 1215 was an important
historical [document] that restricted the power
of the king in England.

A

piece of text that is stored so it can be accessed later

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9
Q

The Magna Carta of 1215 was an important
historical document that [restricted] the power
of the king in England.

A

limit

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10
Q

Christopher Columbus’s voyage of exploration
to the New World in 1492 had an enormous
impact on the Americas, as well as on
European [civilization].

A

society with its own organization and culture

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11
Q

English [settlers] arrived in Plymouth,
Massachusetts, in 1621 and founded the first
permanent European colony in New England.

A

immigrant, person who goes to live in a new country

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12
Q

English settlers arrived in Plymouth,
Massachusetts, in 1621 and [founded] the first
permanent European colony in New England.

A

start, set up, establish

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13
Q

In 1789, the people of France [overthrew]
the monarchy and eventually established a
republic.

A

remove a government or leader by force

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14
Q

In 1789, the people of France overthrew
the [monarchy] and eventually established a
republic.

A

system of government where a king or queen has control of power

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15
Q

In 1789, the people of France overthrew
the monarchy and eventually [established] a
republic.

A

start, create, set up, found

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16
Q

The American [Revolutionary] War was
declared in 1775 when the thirteen colonies
in North America decided to become
independent from the British Empire.

A

something that changes the existing system

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17
Q

A market [economy] is one that is
based on the interaction of supply and
demand.

A

way of managing resouces in a country

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18
Q

A market economy is one that is
based on the interaction of [supply] and
demand.

A

the quantity of something that people are wiling to sell

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19
Q

A market economy is one that is
based on the interaction of supply and
[demand].

A

the quantity of something that people are willing to buy

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20
Q

The 1970s was a period of high
[Inflation] in the United States, when
the overall level of prices more than
doubled.

A

increase in prices

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21
Q

The 1970s was a period of high
Inflation in the United States, when
the [overall] level of prices more than
doubled.

A

in general

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22
Q

A [firm] can raise capital from
investors by becoming a public
company and selling its shares on the
stock market.

A

company

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23
Q

A firm can raise [capital] from
investors by becoming a public
company and selling its shares on the
stock market.

A

large amount of money needed to start a business

24
Q

A firm can raise capital from
[investors] by becoming a public
company and selling its shares on the
stock market.

A

somenone who gives money to a company hoping that will increase in value

25
Q

A firm can raise capital from
investors by becoming a public
company and selling its [shares] on the
stock market.

A

units of a company’s value that people can buy and trade

26
Q

The annual [budget] of a country is a way
for the govemment to allocate funds to
different sectors of the economy.

A

financial plan

27
Q

The annual budget of a country is a way
for the govemment to [allocate] funds to
different sectors of the economy.

A

give assing distribute

28
Q

The annual budget of a country is a way
for the govemment to allocate funds to
different [sectors] of the economy.

A

part

29
Q

The main goal of a company is to
[generate] the maximum amount of
profit for its shareholders.

A

create, make

30
Q

The main goal of a company is to
generate the maximum amount of
[profit] for its shareholders.

A

money gained when something is sold

31
Q

The size of a country’s economy is
[measured] by the annual total output,
which is known as the GDP (Gross
Domestic Product).

A

find out the size, amount, or speed of something

32
Q

The size of a country’s economy is
measured by the annual total [output],
which is known as the GDP (Gross
Domestic Product).

A

something that is produced

33
Q

Advertising is an important way for
companies to [promote] their products
and increase their market share.

A

encourage people to buy something

34
Q

Advertising is an important way for
companies to promote their products
and increase their [market] share.

A

customers or area where something is sold

35
Q

High-risk lending by financial
institutions led to a [collapse] in the
housing market and the financial crisis
of 2008.

A

sudden and complete fall

36
Q

High-risk lending by financial
institutions led to a collapse in the
housing market and the financial [crisis]
of 2008.

A

emergency

37
Q

In a free market, companies [compete]
with each other on price so that many
consumers will buy their products.

A

take part in a race or a contest

38
Q

In a free market, companies compete
with each other on price so that many
[consumers] will buy their products.

A

buyer, user, customer

39
Q

Sociologists [investigate] social groups and

their structure.

A

examine, explore, study, analyse

40
Q

Sociologists investigate social groups and

their [structure].

A

organization

41
Q

Sociological [issues] that relate to the Internet
include identity and the nature of social
interaction.

A

topic

42
Q

Sociological issues that relate to the Internet
include [identity] and the nature of social
interaction.

A

who you are

43
Q

Sociological issues that relate to the Internet
include identity and the [nature] of social
interaction.

A

the basic quality or character of something

44
Q

Social researchers can collect [data] by using

surveys, questionnaires, or interviews.

A

statistcs

45
Q

Social researchers can collect data by using

[surveys], questionnaires, or interviews.

A

find out information about a lot of people by asking them questions

46
Q

Archeology is the study of past people and
cultures by [examining] material evidence
ranging from artifacts, such as pottery and
stone tools, to architecture and landscape.

A

study carefully, inspect

47
Q

Archeology is the study of past people and
cultures by examining material evidence
[ranging] from artifacts, such as pottery and
stone tools, to architecture and landscape.

A

vary

48
Q

Archeology is the study of past people and
cultures by examining material evidence
ranging from [artifacts], such as pottery and
stone tools, to architecture and landscape.

A

object

49
Q

Archeologists have [excavated] a site in
France that may provide new evidence of
society in the Stone Age

A

uncover, find

50
Q

Archeologists have excavated a [site] in
France that may provide new evidence of
society in the Stone Age

A

place

51
Q

Archeologists have excavated a site in
France that may provide new [evidence] of
society in the Stone Age

A

proof

52
Q

Anthropology is the study of human [diversity]
around the world and studies cultural
differences in social institutions, cultural
beliefs and values, and communication styles.

A

variety

53
Q

Anthropology is the study of human diversity
around the world and studies cultural
differences in social [institutions], cultural
beliefs and values, and communication styles.

A

a large important organization Ex: university

54
Q

Anthropologists often [conduct] research that
involves taking a role in the social situation
that they are observing. This is known as
participant observation.

A

do, carry out

55
Q

Anthropologists often conduct research that
[involves] taking a role in the social situation
that they are observing. This is known as
participant observation.

A

include, make necessary

56
Q

Anthropologists often conduct research that
involves taking a role in the social situation
that they are [observing]. This is known as
participant observation.

A

study, watch carefully

57
Q

Anthropologists often conduct research that
involves taking a role in the social situation
that they are observing. This is known as
[participant] observation.

A

person who takes part in an activity

TOEFL (7 decks)

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