Vocabulary for Reading Flashcards
Profuse
something offered or discharged very plentifully; abundant.
Ex: I offered my profuse apologies.
Apt
Appropriate or suitable in the circumstances.
Ex: The theme could not be more apt.
Or
Having a tendency to do something
Ex: He is apt to be swayed by irrational considerations.
Brittle
Hard but easy to break.
Ex: Her bones became fragile and brittle.
Nuance
A small difference in meaning or a very small detail.
Ex: He was familiar with the nuances of the local dialect.
Craze
Something very popular for a short time.
Ex: The new craze for step aerobics.
flourish
To grow stronger or healthier.
Ex: A good gardener knows plants flourish only with the right amount of sun and water.
Trivial
Something of little value or importance.
Ex: Huge fines were imposed for trivial offences.
Infinitesimal
Extremely small
Ex: An infinitesimal pause.
Rife
of common occurrence; widespread.
Ex: Male chauvinism was rife in medicine.
Forge
Create something strong, enduring or successful.
Ex: The two women forged a close bond.
Beckon
Appear attractive or inviting.
Ex: The going is tough and soft options beckon.
Indigenous
Originating in a certain area.
Ex: The potato is indigenous to Peru.
Overshadow
Appear more prominent or important than something else.
Ex: His competitive nature often overshadows the other qualities.
Peripheral
Related to or situated on the edge of something.
Ex: The peripheral areas of Europe.
Lull
Calm or send to sleep with soothing sounds.
Ex: The rhythm of the boat lulled her to sleep.
OR
A temporary interval of quiet or lack of activity.
Ex: For two days there had been a lull in the fighting.
Strife
Anger or bitter disagreement
Ex: Strife within the community.
Inept
Having or showing no skill; bad at
Ex: The referee’s inept handling of the match.
Excavate
Remove by digging into the ground.
Ex: To make a hole by excavating.
Exacting
Making great demands on one’s skill, attention or other resources.
Ex: The exacting standards laid down by the organic food industry.
Overt
Not secret or hidden
Ex: An overt act of aggression.
Dwell
Live in or at a specified place.
Ex: Groups of people still dwell in these caves.
Erode
To be slowly destroyed by wind and rain.
Ex: The cliffs on this coast have been eroded by the sea.
Wane
To decrease in power or size.
Ex: Confidence in the dollar waned.
Pseudonym
A false name used publicly.
Ex: I wrote under the pseudonym of Evelyn Harvey.
Urbane
courteous, sophisticated and polite. Refined in manner.
Ex: The supposedly urbane, restrained English gentleman.
Elective
An optional course of study or a class that students can select from among alternatives.
Rebound
Recover in value, amount, or strength after a decrease or decline.
Ex: The share index rebounded to show a twenty-point gain.
Irrefutable
Impossible to deny or disprove.
Ex: Irrefutable evidence
Offset
Counteract something by having an equal and opposite force or effect.
Ex: Donations to charities can be offset against tax.
Or
Place out of line.
Ex: Several places where the ridge was offset at right angles to its length.
Marked
Clearly noticeable
Ex: A marked increase in UK sales.
Impetus
a cause or reason to start an action
Ex: Before John met Amanda, all his shirts were old and filled with holes, but his desire to impress her gave him the impetus to buy new clothes.
Hamper
To slow the progress of or make more difficult.
Ex: The steep incline and hot weather hampered the group’s efforts to reach the top of the hill in time to see the fireworks.
Thwart
Prevent someone from accomplishing something.
Ex: He never did anything to thwart his father.
Augment
To make something greater by adding to it; increase.
Ex: He augmented his summer income by painting houses.
Accrete
to grow by gradual accumulation.
Ex: The collection of art he had accreted was to be sold.
Convene
come or bring together for a meeting or activity; assemble.
Ex: He had convened a secret meeting of military personnel.
Despondent
In low spirits from loss of hope or courage.
Ex: She grew more and more despondent.
Celebrated
Greatly admired; renowned.
Ex: A celebrated mathematician.
Seasoned
Experienced at doing something.
Ex: Given the manager’s extensive experience, the boss requested that each of her seasoned managers work closely with new hires.
Fastidious
Very attentive to and concerned about accuracy and detail.
Ex: She dressed with fastidious care.
Lavish
sumptuously rich, elaborate or luxurious.
Ex: A lavish banquet.
Forgo
To decide not to use or have something good.
Ex: Terry had to forgo his summer backpacking trip across Europe in order to save money to fix his car instead.
Baffle
Totally bewilder or perplex
Ex: An unexplained occurrence that baffled everyone.
Poised
Having a composed and self assured manner.
Ex: Not everyday you saw that poised, competent kid distressed.
Squalor
The state of being extremely dirty and unpleasant. Especially as a result of poverty or neglect.
Ex: They live in squalor and disease.
Trifle
Treat without seriousness or respect.
Ex: He is not a man to be trifled with.
Insidious
Something unpleasant or dangerous that develops gradually without being noticed.
Ex: Sexual harassment is a serious and insidious problem.
Inchoate
just begun and not so fully formed or developed, rudimentary.
Ex: A still inchoate democracy.
Antithesis
A person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else.
Poignant
Evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret, touching.
Ex: A poignant reminder of the passing of time.
Respite
A short period of rest or relief from something difficult or unpleasant.
Ex: The refugee encampment will provide some respite from the suffering.
Pry
Inquire too closely into a person’s private affairs.
Ex: Sorry, I don’t mean to pry.
Platitude
A remark or statement, especially one with a moral content, that has been used too often to be interesting or thoughtful.
Ex: He masks his disdain for her with platitudes about how she should believe in herself more.
Banal/ trite
Something lacking in originality, as to be obvious and boring.
Ex: Songs with banal, repeated words.
Mandate
An official order or commission to do something.
Ex: A mandate to seek the release of political prisoners.
Ensconced
Establish or settle in a comfortable, safe place.
Ex: Agnes ensconced herself in their bedroom.
Impetuous
Acting or done quickly and without thought or care.
Ex: She might live to rue this impetuous decision.
Fratricide
The killing of one’s brother or sister.
Ex: Cain justifies his fratricide with lethal logic.
OR
The accidental killing of one’s own forces in war.
Ex: The Vietnam War saw fratricide increase because of the close-in jungle fighting.
Bedecked
Decorate
Ex: He led us into a room bedecked with gold.
Credence
Belief in or acceptance of something as true.
Ex: I’m not prepared to give credence to anonymous complaints
Saccharine
Excessively sweet or sentimental.
Ex: Saccharine music
Piquant
having a pleasantly sharp taste or appetizing flavor.
Ex: A piquant tartare sauce.
Or
Pleasantly stimulating or exciting to the mind.
Relish
Enjoy greatly.
Ex: He was relishing his moment of glory.
Discretion
The quality of behaving or speaking in such a way as to avoid causing offence or revealing confidential information.
Ex: She knew she could rely on his discretion.
Recourse
A source of help in a difficult situation.
Ex: Surgery may be the only recourse.
Placate or pacify
Make someone less angry or hostile.
Ex: He has tried to placate his critics within the party.
Reprieve
Cancellation or postponement of a punishment.
Ex: He accepted the death sentence and refused to appeal for a reprieve.
Stupefy
Astonish and shock.
Ex: The amount they spend on clothes would appal their parents and stupefy their grandparents.
Incandescent
Full of strong emotion; passionate.
Ex: She felt an incandescent love for life.
Listless
lacking energy or enthusiasm.
Ex: I have felt listless all day.
Absolution
Formal release from guilt, obligation or punishment.
Ex: Absolution from the sentence.
Poppycock
nonsense
Ex: He said I was talking poppycock.
Indignation
Anger or annoyance provoked by what is perceived as unfair treatment.
Ex: The letter filled Lucy with indignation.
Culpable
Deserving blame.
Ex: They are both culpable for putting political life on the danger list.
Contrition
The state of feeling remorseful and penitent.
Ex: To show contrition for his crime, he offered to do community service.
Peckish
Hungry
Ex: I hadn’t eaten and was quite peckish.
Adept
Means skilled
Adversary
Means opponent
Align(oneself with)
To support or adopt the position of
Authentic
Means genuine
Centrality
State of being central or essential
Complement
To complete or perfect
Comprehensive
Means wide-ranging
Contingent
Means dependent upon
Confer
Means to give or grant
Corollary
describes a result that is the natural consequence of something else
Contemporary
Means current
Displace
To force someone or something from its home or habitat
Disposition
A person’s inherent qualities of mind and character, personality.
Marginal
At the edge or margin OR
minor and unimportant; not central
Mitigate
Make something less severe
Solemn
something characterized by deep sincerity.
Ex: He swore a solemn oath to keep faith.
OR
something formal and dignified
Ex: A solemn procession.
frivolous
Not having any serious purpose or value, flippant
Ex: Frivolous ribbons and lacy frills.
Confound
to cause surprise or confusion in someone especially not according with their expectations, amaze
Ex: The inflation figure confounded by economic analysts.
Docile
Ready to accept control or instruction, submissive
Precocious
developed certain abilities at an earlier age than is usual or expected, advanced
Ex: A precocious solitary boy.
Precarious
not securely held in position, dangerously likely to fall.
Ex: A precarious ladder.
OR
Dependent on chance; uncertain
Ex: He made a precarious living as a painter.
Proponents
A person who advocates a theory, proposal, or course of action, an advocate
Ex: a strong proponent of the free market and liberal trade policies.
Polemicist
A person who engages in controversial debate.
Ex: A brilliant polemicist with an independent critical mind.
Relic
An object surviving from an earlier time, especially one of historical interest.
Ex: A museum of railway relics.
Forerunner
A person or thing that precedes the coming or development of someone or something else.
Ex: The ice safe was a forerunner of today’s refrigerator.
Subversive
seeking or intended to subvert an established system or institution, disruptive
Ex: The government blamed a subversive organization for the riots.
Profound
Very great of intense
Ex: Profound feelings of sorrow
Disquiet
a feeling of worry or unease, anxiety, worry
Ex: A public unease over animal testing.
Cryptic
having a meaning that is mysterious or obscure.
Ex: he found his boss’s utterances too cryptic.
Intimate
private and personal.
Ex: intimate details of his sexual encounters.
OR
closely acquainted; familiar.
Ex: Intimate friends
Exult
Feel or show triumphant elation or jubilation, rejoice
Ex: Exulting in her escape, Lisa closed the door behind her.
Repose
A state of rest, sleep or tranquility.
Ex: In repose her face looked relaxed.
Ablation
the ancient past, especially the period of classical and other human civilizations before the Middle Ages
Ex: The great civilizations of antiquity
Obscure
Not discovered or known about; uncertain.
Ex: His origins and parentage are obscure.
Esoteric/Arcane
Understood by few; mysterious or secret.
Ex: Arcane procedures for electing people.
Tenuous
Very weak or slight.
Ex: The tenuous link between interest rates and investment.
Obtrusive
Noticeable or prominent in an unwelcome or intrusive way.
Ex: The sofa would be less obtrusive in a paler colour.
Idiomatic
Using, containing or denoting expressions that are natural to a native speaker.
Ex: He spoke fluent, idiomatic English.
Dexterous
Showing or having skill, especially with the hands.
Ex: A dexterous keyboard player.
Arduous
Involving or requiring strenuous effort; difficult and tiring.
Ex: An arduous journey.
Expedient
Convenient and practical although possibly improper or immoral.
Ex: Either side could break the agreement if it were expedient to do so.
Idiosyncratic
Unique to an individual; peculiar or individual; distinctive
Ex: She emerged as one of the great, idiosyncratic talents of the nineties
Seemliness
The quality or state of being especially suitable or fitting.
Colloquial
Used in ordinary or familiar conversation; not formal or literary.
Ex: Colloquial and everyday language.
Prejudice
Preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.
Ex: Prejudice against people from different backgrounds.
Abhorrent
Inspiring disgust and loathing; repugnant.
Ex: Racism was abhorrent to us all.
Tact
Skill and sensitivity in dealing with others or with difficult issues, thoughtfulness
Ex: The inspector broke the news to me with tact and consideration.
Vindicate
Clear someone of blame or suspicion.
Ex: Hospital staff were vindicated by the inquest verdict.