Vocabulary File 3.0

Question 1

Allophone

Answer 1

One of a set of none-constructive realizations of the same phoneme; an actual phonetic segment.

Question 2

Assimilation

Answer 2

A process by which a sound becomes more like a nearby sound in terms of some feature(s)

Question 3

Basic Allophone

Answer 3

The allophone of a phoneme that is used when none of the change-inducing conditions are fulfilled. Of a set of allophones, it is generally least limited in where it can occur; also termed the elsewhere allophone.

Question 4

Deletion

Answer 4

In phonology, a process by which a sound presents in the phonemic form (i.e., Underlying form) is removed from the phonetic form in certain environments. (See also Insertion.) In speech production, a production error involving the inadvertent omission of units. (See also addition.)

Question 5

Dissimilation

Answer 5

Process by which two nearby sounds become less alike with respect to some feature.

Question 6

Free Variation

Answer 6

Term used to refer to two sounds that occur in overlapping environments but cause no distinction in the meaning of their respective words.

Question 7

Insertion

Answer 7

Phonological process by which a segment not present in the phonemic (or underlying) form is added in the phonetic form. (See also Deletion.)

Question 8

Labial

Answer 8

A member of a natural class of sounds produced with the lips; includes both bilabial and labiodental Sounds.

Question 9

Obstruent

Answer 9

A natural class of sounds produced with an obstruction of the airflow in the oral cavity while the nasal cavity is closed off. Includes oral stops, fricatives, and affricates. (See also Sonorant.)

Question 10

Overlapping distribution

Answer 10

The occurrence of sounds in the same phonetic environments. ( See also contrastive distribution and Free variation.)

Question 11

Phonotactic Constraint

Answer 11

Restriction on possible combinations of sounds, often in particular environments. ( See also Sound Substitution.)

Question 12

Sibilant

Answer 12

A member of the natural class of sounds that are characterized by a high-pitched hissing quality.

Question 13

Sonorant

Answer 13

Sound (usually voiced) Produced with a relatively open passage of airflow. Nasals, liquids, glides, and vowels are all sonorants. ( See also Obstruent.)

Question 14

Aspiration

Answer 14

A puff of air that follows the release of a consonant when there is a delay in the onset of voicing. Symbolize by a superscript (e.g., [Ph]).

Question 15

Phonology

Answer 15

The study of the sound system of a language, how the particular sounds contrast in each language to form an integrated system for encoding information, and how such systems differ from one language to another.

Question 16

Sound substitution

Answer 16

A process whereby sounds that already exist in a language are used to replace sounds that do not exist in the language when borrowing or when a speaker is trying to pronounce a foreign word.

Question 17

Vowel Harmony

Answer 17

Long distance assimilation between vowels

A back vowel becomes front when preceded by a front vowel in the same word

Question 18

Restricted Allophone

Answer 18

an allophone of a phoneme that appears in a more limited set of phonetic environments

Question 19

Distribution

Answer 19

The set of phonetic environments in which a sound occurs.

Question 20

Noncontrastive

Answer 20

A term used to describe two sounds that are not used to differentiate words in a language

Question 21

Contrastive

Answer 21

A term used to describe two sounds that can be used to differentiate words in a language

Question 22

Underlying Form

Answer 22

The phonemic form of a word or morpheme before phonological rules are applied.

Question 23

Palatalization

Answer 23

A process wherein a sound takes on a palatal place of articulation, usually in assimilation to high or mid front vowels like [i] or [e].

Question 24

Metathesis

Answer 24

Switching of the order of two sounds, each taking the place of the other.

Question 25

Strengthening also called Fortition

Answer 25

A process through which sounds are made “stronger” according to some criterion.

Question 26

Weakening also called Lenition

Answer 26

A process through which sounds are made “weaker” according to some criterion.