Vocabulary File 3.0 Flashcards
Allophone
One of a set of none-constructive realizations of the same phoneme; an actual phonetic segment.
Assimilation
A process by which a sound becomes more like a nearby sound in terms of some feature(s)
Basic Allophone
The allophone of a phoneme that is used when none of the change-inducing conditions are fulfilled. Of a set of allophones, it is generally least limited in where it can occur; also termed the elsewhere allophone.
Deletion
In phonology, a process by which a sound presents in the phonemic form (i.e., Underlying form) is removed from the phonetic form in certain environments. (See also Insertion.) In speech production, a production error involving the inadvertent omission of units. (See also addition.)
Dissimilation
Process by which two nearby sounds become less alike with respect to some feature.
Free Variation
Term used to refer to two sounds that occur in overlapping environments but cause no distinction in the meaning of their respective words.
Insertion
Phonological process by which a segment not present in the phonemic (or underlying) form is added in the phonetic form. (See also Deletion.)
Labial
A member of a natural class of sounds produced with the lips; includes both bilabial and labiodental Sounds.
Obstruent
A natural class of sounds produced with an obstruction of the airflow in the oral cavity while the nasal cavity is closed off. Includes oral stops, fricatives, and affricates. (See also Sonorant.)
Overlapping distribution
The occurrence of sounds in the same phonetic environments. ( See also contrastive distribution and Free variation.)
Phonotactic Constraint
Restriction on possible combinations of sounds, often in particular environments. ( See also Sound Substitution.)
Sibilant
A member of the natural class of sounds that are characterized by a high-pitched hissing quality.
Sonorant
Sound (usually voiced) Produced with a relatively open passage of airflow. Nasals, liquids, glides, and vowels are all sonorants. ( See also Obstruent.)
Aspiration
A puff of air that follows the release of a consonant when there is a delay in the onset of voicing. Symbolize by a superscript (e.g., [Ph]).
Phonology
The study of the sound system of a language, how the particular sounds contrast in each language to form an integrated system for encoding information, and how such systems differ from one language to another.
Sound substitution
A process whereby sounds that already exist in a language are used to replace sounds that do not exist in the language when borrowing or when a speaker is trying to pronounce a foreign word.
Vowel Harmony
Long distance assimilation between vowels
A back vowel becomes front when preceded by a front vowel in the same word
Restricted Allophone
an allophone of a phoneme that appears in a more limited set of phonetic environments
Distribution
The set of phonetic environments in which a sound occurs.
Noncontrastive
A term used to describe two sounds that are not used to differentiate words in a language
Contrastive
A term used to describe two sounds that can be used to differentiate words in a language
Underlying Form
The phonemic form of a word or morpheme before phonological rules are applied.
Palatalization
A process wherein a sound takes on a palatal place of articulation, usually in assimilation to high or mid front vowels like [i] or [e].
Metathesis
Switching of the order of two sounds, each taking the place of the other.
