Vocabulary: Chapter 3 Parts 1 - 6 Flashcards
Dissolution of the intercellular bridges of the prickle cell layer of the epithelium.
Acantholysis
Immune response to a foreign substance, based on the specific memory of a past exposure to that same foreign substance; the second, acquired immune response is quicker than the initial response.
Acquired immune response
Type of immunity based on antibodies developed in response to an antigen. There are two types of active immunity: natural and acquired.
Active immunity
Antigen producing a hypersensitivity, or allergic, reaction.
Allergen
Hypersensitivity acquired through exposure to a particular allergen that elicits an exaggerated reaction on reexposure to the same allergen.
Allergy
Severe, immediate type of hypersensitivity or allergy in which an exaggerated immunologic reaction occurs on reexposure to a foreign protein or other substance after sensitization, resulting in hives, itching, swelling, vascular collapse, and shock. Also called anaphylactic shock.
Anaphylaxis
Protein molecule, an immunoglobulin, that is secreted by plasma cells and reacts with a specific antigen. There are five classes of antibodies: IgA, lgD, lgE, lgG, and IgM.
Antibody
Level of a specific antibody in the blood.
Antibody titer
Any substance able to induce specific immune response.
Antigen
To reduce the severity of a disease or the virulence of a pathogenic agent, as is done in the development of certain vaccines.
Attenuate
Antibody that reacts against a normal tissue constituent of one’s own body.
Autoantibody
Disease characterized by tissue trauma caused by an immune response against tissue constituents of one’s own body.
Autoimmune disease
Type of lymphocyte that develops in lymphoid tissue other than the thymus, and that can later develop into a plasma cell that produces antibody, the main initiator of humoral immunity.
B-cell lymphocyte
Type of immunity in which the major role is played by T-cell lymphocytes.
Cell-mediated immunity
Proteins produced by various cell types for the purpose of intercellular communication; immunological cytokines are involved in the immune response.
Cytokines
A type of white blood cell that acts as an antigen-presenting cell in the skin and mucosa.
Dendritic cell
Type of immunity in which both B-cell lymphocytes and the antibodies they produce as plasma cells play the predominant role.
Humoral immunity
Decreased salivary flow that may result ¡n xerostomia (dry mouth).
Hyposalivation
Altered state of reactivity in which the body reacts to a foreign agent, or allergen, with an exaggerated immune response. There are four types of hypersensitivity: types I through IV.
Hypersensitivity
Combination of an antibody and antigen, producing a complex that can initiate a hypersensitivity reaction.
Immune complex
Induction of active immunity. When the pathogenic microorganism used to induce active immunity is encountered after vaccination, a stronger, faster immune response ¡s produced, which prevents disease development.
Immunization
Reduced immune response resulting from hypoactivity or decreased numbers of lymphoid cells.
Immunodeficiency
Proteins that, when secreted by plasma cells, serve as antibodies designed to respond to a specific antigen. Surface immunoglobulins remain attached to the surface of certain B cells and function as receptors.
Immunoglobulins
A substance that alters the immune response by augmenting or reducing the ability of the immune system to produce antibodies or sensitized cells that recognize and react with the antigen that initiated their production.
Immunomodulator
Specialized dendritic cell, found in the skin and mucosa, that is involved in the immune response.
Langerhans cell
Mature neutrophil with a phagocytized spherical inclusion derived from another neutrophil; it is used as a marker of autoimmune diseases.
LE cell
Tissue composed of lymphocytes supported by a meshwork of connective tissue; includes tonsillar tissue, lymph nodes, and lymphatic organs.
Lymphoid tissue
Cytokines produced by B-cell or T-cell lymphocytes ¡n contact with antigens; mediators in an immune response.
Lymphokines
Large tissue-bound mononuclear phagocyte derived from monocytes circulating in the blood, which can become mobile when stimulated by inflammation and interact with lymphocytes in an immune response.
Macrophage
Cytokines produced by monocytes or macrophages; mediators in an immune response.
Monokines
Mucosal inflammation due to a disease process.
Mucositis
Type of lymphocyte that is part of the initial innate immune response, which by unknown mechanisms is able to directly destroy cells recognized as foreign.
Natural killer cell
Diagnostic sign whereby the superficial epithelium separates easily from the basal layer on exertion of firm, sliding manual pressure with the fingers.
Nikolsky sign
Type of immunity that uses antibodies produced by another person to protect an individual against infectious disease. There are two types of passive immunity: natural and acquired.
Passive immunity
Cell derived from B-cell lymphocytes that produces antibodies in response to the presence of antigen.
Plasma cell
Itching.
Pruritus
Antibody that binds to certain antibodies found in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and connective tissue diseases such as Sjögren syndrome. Current assays test for IgM class rheumatoid factor.
Rheumatoid factor
Group of signs and symptoms that occur together.
Syndrome
Lymphocyte that matures in the thymus and is mainly responsible for initiating cell-mediated immunity, as well as also modulating humoral immunity.
T-cell lymphocyte
Organ consisting of lymphoid tissue located high in the chest, which is large in an infant and gradually shrinks in size in adulthood; site of T-cell lymphocyte maturation.
Thymus
Dryness of the mucus membranes, including the oral cavity; usually caused by hyposalivation or decreased salivary flow.
Xerostomia
