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NASM CPT > Vocabulary - Ch. 3 > Flashcards

Vocabulary - Ch. 3 Flashcards

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NASM ® CPT flashcards
1
Q

obesity

A

the condition of being considerable overweight; a person who is at least 30 pounds over the recommended weight for his or her height.

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2
Q

kinesiology

A

the study of human movement

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3
Q

biomechanics

A

the study of how forces affect a living body.

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4
Q

ground reaction force

A

an equal and opposite external force that is exerted back onto the body by the ground.

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5
Q

qualitative analysis

A

applying principles of proper technique and combining them with observations in order to make an educated evaluation

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6
Q

anatomic position

A

standard posture wherein the body stands upright with the arms beside the trunk, the palms face forward, and the head faces forward.

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7
Q

midline

A

that which is contained within an imaginary one that splits the body into equal halves

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8
Q

sagittal plane

A

an imaginary plane that bisects the body into equal halves, producing a left half and a right half

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9
Q

frontal plane

A

an imaginary plane that bisects the body into equal halves, producing a front half and a back half.

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10
Q

transverse plane

A

an imaginary plane that bisects the body into equal halves, producing a top half and a bottom half.

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11
Q

anterior-posterior axis

A

a straight line that cuts through the body from front to back.

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12
Q

longitudinal axis

A

an imaginary long, straight line that cuts through the body from top to bottom

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13
Q

range of motion

A

the amount of movement produced by one or multiple joints

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14
Q

flexion

A

a bending at a joint where the relative angle between two adjoining segments decreases.

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15
Q

extension

A

a bending at the joint where the relative angle between two adjoining segments increases.

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16
Q

abduction

A

a body segment is moving away from the midline of the body.

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17
Q

adduction

A

a body segment is moving toward the midline of the body

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18
Q

internal rotation

A

rotation of a limb or body segment toward the midline of the body

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19
Q

external rotation

A

rotation of a limb or body segment away from the midline of the body

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20
Q

pronation

A

a triplanar movement that is associated with force reduction

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21
Q

supination

A

a triplanar motion that is associated with force production

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22
Q

flexors

A

a muscle that produces flexion of a limb or joint

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23
Q

extensors

A

a muscle that produces extension of a limb or joint

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24
Q

abductors

A

a muscle that produces abduction of a limb or joint

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25
Q

pronators

A

a muscle that produces pronation of a limb or body segment

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26
Q

supinators

A

a muscle that produces supination of a limb or body segment

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27
Q

prone

A

body position where one is lying with the face downward

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28
Q

supine

A

body position where one is lying on the back and face is upward

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29
Q

triple flexion

A

a multijoint exercise that involves flexion at the hip, knee, and ankle

30
Q

triple extension

A

a multijoint exercise that involves extension at the hip, knee, and ankle

31
Q

static posture

A

the starting point from which an individual moves

32
Q

multiplanar

A

occurring in more than one plane of motion

33
Q

concentric activation

A

the production of an active force when a muscle develops tension while shortening in length

34
Q

active force

A

muscle tension that is generated by its contractile elements

35
Q

isometric activation

A

the production of an active force when a muscle develops tension while maintaining a constant length

36
Q

eccentric activation

A

the proaction of an active force when a muscle develops tension while lengthening

37
Q

isolated function

A

(1) A muscle’s primary function. (2) A muscle action produced at a joint when a muscle is being concentrically activated to produce acceleration of a body segment.

38
Q

eccentric function

A

action of a muscle when it is generating an eccentric contraction

39
Q

integrated function

A

The coordination of muscles to produce, reduce, and stabilize forces in multiple planes for efficient and safe movement.

40
Q

kinetics

A

Biomechanics term that involves the study of forces.

41
Q

force

A

(1) A push or a pull that can create, stop, or change movement. (2) Force = Mass X Acceleration.

42
Q

mass

A

The amount of matter in an object or physical body.

43
Q

matter

A

A substance that has mass and takes up space.

44
Q

acceleration

A

The speed of an object.

45
Q

weight

A

The amount of force that gravity has on the body.

46
Q

gravity

A

A force that accelerates an object or mass downward toward the earth’s center.

47
Q

lever

A

A relatively rigid rod or bar that rotates around a fulcrum.

48
Q

torque

A

The rotary or rotational effect that a force has around an axis.

49
Q

tempo

A

The amount of time that muscle is actively producing tension during exercise movement.

50
Q

repetition tempo

A

The speed at which each repetition is performed.

51
Q

line of pull

A

The direction in which a muscle is pulled.

52
Q

parallel muscle

A

Muscle with fibers that are orientated parallel to that muscle’s longitudinal axis.

53
Q

pennate muscle

A

Muscle with fibers that are orientated at an angle to the muscle’s longitudinal axis.

54
Q

origin

A

The relatively stationary attachment site where skeletal muscle attaches begins.

55
Q

insertion

A

The relatively mobile attachment site.

56
Q

tendons

A

Connective tissues that attach muscle to bone and provide an actor for muscles to produce force.

57
Q

aponeurosis

A

A white tendinous sheet that attaches muscle to bone.

58
Q

muscle belly

A

The mid-region in between the origin and insertion.

59
Q

malalignment

A

The incorrect or improper alignment of the joints in a body without movements.

60
Q

overactive

A

Referring to the state of having disrupted neuromuscular recruitment patterns that lead a muscle to be more active during a joint action.

61
Q

underactive

A

Referring to the state of having disrupted neuromuscular recruitment patterns that lead a muscle to be relatively less active during a joint action.

62
Q

extrinsic

A

Located from outside yet act on a structure being considered.

63
Q

intrinsic

A

Located from within and acting directly on a structure being considered.

64
Q

intrinsic core stabilizers

A

Deep inner muscles behind the superficial abdominals that have a direct effect on stabilizing the lumbopelvic-hip complex.

65
Q

retraction

A

Adduction of the shoulder blades where the shoulder blades move toward the spine.

66
Q

shoulder impingement

A

When the space between the bone on top of the shoulder (acromion) and the tendons of the rotator cuff rub against each other during arm elevation.

67
Q

pronation

A

A combination of dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction.

68
Q

supination of the foot

A

A combination of plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction.

69
Q

flexibility

A

The normal extensibility of soft tissue, which allows a joint to be moved through its full range of motion.

70
Q

corrective exercise

A

The programming process that identifies neuromuscular dysfunction, develops a plan of action, and implements a corrective strategy as a part of an exercise training program.

71
Q

neuromuscular efficiency

A

When the neuromuscular system allows agonists, antagonists, and stabilizers to synergistically produce muscle actions in all three planes of motion.

72
Q

relative flexibility

A

The human movement system’s way of finding the path of least resistance during movement.

NASM CPT (1 decks)

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