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NASM CPT > Vocabulary - Ch. 3 > Flashcards

Vocabulary - Ch. 3 Flashcards

1
Q

obesity

A

the condition of being considerable overweight; a person who is at least 30 pounds over the recommended weight for his or her height.

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2
Q

kinesiology

A

the study of human movement

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3
Q

biomechanics

A

the study of how forces affect a living body.

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4
Q

ground reaction force

A

an equal and opposite external force that is exerted back onto the body by the ground.

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5
Q

qualitative analysis

A

applying principles of proper technique and combining them with observations in order to make an educated evaluation

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6
Q

anatomic position

A

standard posture wherein the body stands upright with the arms beside the trunk, the palms face forward, and the head faces forward.

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7
Q

midline

A

that which is contained within an imaginary one that splits the body into equal halves

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8
Q

sagittal plane

A

an imaginary plane that bisects the body into equal halves, producing a left half and a right half

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9
Q

frontal plane

A

an imaginary plane that bisects the body into equal halves, producing a front half and a back half.

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10
Q

transverse plane

A

an imaginary plane that bisects the body into equal halves, producing a top half and a bottom half.

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11
Q

anterior-posterior axis

A

a straight line that cuts through the body from front to back.

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12
Q

longitudinal axis

A

an imaginary long, straight line that cuts through the body from top to bottom

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13
Q

range of motion

A

the amount of movement produced by one or multiple joints

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14
Q

flexion

A

a bending at a joint where the relative angle between two adjoining segments decreases.

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15
Q

extension

A

a bending at the joint where the relative angle between two adjoining segments increases.

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16
Q

abduction

A

a body segment is moving away from the midline of the body.

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17
Q

adduction

A

a body segment is moving toward the midline of the body

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18
Q

internal rotation

A

rotation of a limb or body segment toward the midline of the body

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19
Q

external rotation

A

rotation of a limb or body segment away from the midline of the body

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20
Q

pronation

A

a triplanar movement that is associated with force reduction

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21
Q

supination

A

a triplanar motion that is associated with force production

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22
Q

flexors

A

a muscle that produces flexion of a limb or joint

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23
Q

extensors

A

a muscle that produces extension of a limb or joint

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24
Q

abductors

A

a muscle that produces abduction of a limb or joint

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25
pronators
a muscle that produces pronation of a limb or body segment
26
supinators
a muscle that produces supination of a limb or body segment
27
prone
body position where one is lying with the face downward
28
supine
body position where one is lying on the back and face is upward
29
triple flexion
a multijoint exercise that involves flexion at the hip, knee, and ankle
30
triple extension
a multijoint exercise that involves extension at the hip, knee, and ankle
31
static posture
the starting point from which an individual moves
32
multiplanar
occurring in more than one plane of motion
33
concentric activation
the production of an active force when a muscle develops tension while shortening in length
34
active force
muscle tension that is generated by its contractile elements
35
isometric activation
the production of an active force when a muscle develops tension while maintaining a constant length
36
eccentric activation
the proaction of an active force when a muscle develops tension while lengthening
37
isolated function
(1) A muscle's primary function. (2) A muscle action produced at a joint when a muscle is being concentrically activated to produce acceleration of a body segment.
38
eccentric function
action of a muscle when it is generating an eccentric contraction
39
integrated function
The coordination of muscles to produce, reduce, and stabilize forces in multiple planes for efficient and safe movement.
40
kinetics
Biomechanics term that involves the study of forces.
41
force
(1) A push or a pull that can create, stop, or change movement. (2) Force = Mass X Acceleration.
42
mass
The amount of matter in an object or physical body.
43
matter
A substance that has mass and takes up space.
44
acceleration
The speed of an object.
45
weight
The amount of force that gravity has on the body.
46
gravity
A force that accelerates an object or mass downward toward the earth's center.
47
lever
A relatively rigid rod or bar that rotates around a fulcrum.
48
torque
The rotary or rotational effect that a force has around an axis.
49
tempo
The amount of time that muscle is actively producing tension during exercise movement.
50
repetition tempo
The speed at which each repetition is performed.
51
line of pull
The direction in which a muscle is pulled.
52
parallel muscle
Muscle with fibers that are orientated parallel to that muscle's longitudinal axis.
53
pennate muscle
Muscle with fibers that are orientated at an angle to the muscle's longitudinal axis.
54
origin
The relatively stationary attachment site where skeletal muscle attaches begins.
55
insertion
The relatively mobile attachment site.
56
tendons
Connective tissues that attach muscle to bone and provide an actor for muscles to produce force.
57
aponeurosis
A white tendinous sheet that attaches muscle to bone.
58
muscle belly
The mid-region in between the origin and insertion.
59
malalignment
The incorrect or improper alignment of the joints in a body without movements.
60
overactive
Referring to the state of having disrupted neuromuscular recruitment patterns that lead a muscle to be more active during a joint action.
61
underactive
Referring to the state of having disrupted neuromuscular recruitment patterns that lead a muscle to be relatively less active during a joint action.
62
extrinsic
Located from outside yet act on a structure being considered.
63
intrinsic
Located from within and acting directly on a structure being considered.
64
intrinsic core stabilizers
Deep inner muscles behind the superficial abdominals that have a direct effect on stabilizing the lumbopelvic-hip complex.
65
retraction
Adduction of the shoulder blades where the shoulder blades move toward the spine.
66
shoulder impingement
When the space between the bone on top of the shoulder (acromion) and the tendons of the rotator cuff rub against each other during arm elevation.
67
pronation
A combination of dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction.
68
supination of the foot
A combination of plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction.
69
flexibility
The normal extensibility of soft tissue, which allows a joint to be moved through its full range of motion.
70
corrective exercise
The programming process that identifies neuromuscular dysfunction, develops a plan of action, and implements a corrective strategy as a part of an exercise training program.
71
neuromuscular efficiency
When the neuromuscular system allows agonists, antagonists, and stabilizers to synergistically produce muscle actions in all three planes of motion.
72
relative flexibility
The human movement system's way of finding the path of least resistance during movement.

NASM CPT (1 decks)

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