Vocabulary and skills

Question 1

Line graph

Answer 1

a visual representation of data which shows change over time or in response to a manipulated variable

Question 2

Digital resources

Answer 2

resources that provide content beyond what is available in print

Example: In an ELA classroom, students may be able to use digital resources to hear a word said aloud, see more examples of words being used, or see visual representations of a word.

Question 3

Letter–Sound Correspondence

Answer 3

knowing what sound(s) each letter makes

Example: the letter “f” makes the first sound in the word “foot”

Question 4

Context Clues / Contextual Analysis

Answer 4

using the words before and after an unknown word to determine its meaning

Example: It was a beautiful day that made it idyllic for swimming.

Question 5

Root (Word Formation)

Answer 5

the smallest unit or core of a word that carries the meaning

Example: form means “shape,” as in reform, conform, formulate

Question 6

Denotation

Answer 6

a literal, dictionary meaning of a word

Question 7

Homophones

Answer 7

words that are pronounced the same as another word but have a different meaning and may be spelled differently

Example: carat, carrot, caret
to, too, two

Question 8

Synonyms

Answer 8

words with the same or a similar meaning

Example: angry/mad/furious; bad/evil/immoral/tainted; and fast/quick/rapid.

Question 9

Semantic mapping

Answer 9

a form of scaffolding which helps students to develop connections among words

Example: Semantic maps have a variety of formats. In one method, students write an example, a non-example, a synonym, and an antonym.

Question 10

academic vocabulary

Answer 10

specialized vocabulary commonly found in an academic setting

Example: Many academic vocabulary words, like “analyze,” “describe,” and “reflect”, are important and relevant across all content areas.

Question 11

suffix

Answer 11

letter or letters at the end of a root word that changes its meaning

Example: s, es, ed, ing, ly, er, or, ion, tion, able, and ible

Question 12

Pie chart

Answer 12

a graph in which a circle is divided into sectors that each represent a proportion of the whole. Pie charts are helpful when displaying the relative distribution of categories.

Question 13

antonyms

Answer 13

words with the opposite meanings

Example: hot/cold; and big/little

Question 14

semantics

Answer 14

The study of word or symbol meaning

Example: “love” which has many different meanings in English
Literal vs figurative meaning of “Raining cats and dogs”

Question 15

Contextual Analysis

Answer 15

use of surrounding information in a text to help determine a word

Question 16

glossary

Answer 16

a list of important words to know along with their meanings

Question 17

Phonics / Graphophonemic Principle

Answer 17

Using the relationship between symbols (letters and words) and sounds of a language to read and write

Question 18

Vocabulary / Vocabulary Development

Answer 18

the ability to effectively know and use words in their listening, speaking, reading, and writing

Question 18

Dictionary (Print)

Answer 18

use when you need to define a word

Example: Oxford English Dictionary

Question 19

Phoneme Blending

Answer 19

the ability to blend two sounds to make a word

Example: Blend together these sounds to make a word: /b/ /a/ /t/ to form bat.

Question 20

analogies

Answer 20

are used to compare two things that are usually thought of as different but have something in common

Example: hand is to glove as foot is to sock

Question 21

word wall

Answer 21

An on-going bulletin board with terms used frequently in the classroom; words are often added as they are introduced

Question 22

sight word

Answer 22

word that cannot be decoded because it doesn’t follow standard phonics rules and must be recognized by sight

Example: of, was, the, would

Question 23

Concept / Vocabulary Map

Answer 23

a form of scaffolding in which a new concept or vocabulary word is written in the center and pictures or descriptive words are written surrounding it

Example: A map with the word “weather” in the center is surrounded by words such as clouds, heat, wind, air and rain.

Question 24

thesaurus (print)

Answer 24

use when you need to locate a more suitable synonym for a word

Example: The Oxford-American Writer’s Thesaurus

Question 25

maps

Answer 25

a 2-dimensional depiction of a physical area.

Example: Map of Salt Lake City

Question 26

prefix

Answer 26

A letter or letters at the beginning of a root word that changes its meaning

Example: re, de, un

Question 27

histogram

Answer 27

a visual representation of data which compares frequencies of different numeral intervals

Question 28

lexicon

Answer 28

Term definition.
the collective vocabulary of a person or language

Example: Reading over the summer increased the student’s lexicon for the following school year.

Question 29

bar graph

Answer 29

a visual representation of data which compares values in different categories

Example: the number of people who prefer each genre of movie

Question 30

semantic gradient

Answer 30

an array of related words placed on a continuum that which helps distinguish between shades of meaning

Question 31

connotation

Answer 31

the implied meaning of a word; the feeling a word conveys

Example: Describing a person as “shrewd” may make them feel negatively, even though the definition (sharp-witted, intelligent) is positive.

Question 32

Thesaurus (Digital)

Answer 32

an online thesaurus

Example: thesarus.com

Question 33

High-frequency word

Answer 33

a word that appears often in grade-level text

Example: Words like “and”, “the”, “as” and “it” are high-frequency words.

Question 34

Data table

Answer 34

an organized way to display data that presents the results in labeled rows and columns

Example: t-chart

Question 35

Dictionary (digital)

Answer 35

an online dictionary

Example: dictionary.com

Question 36

homographs

Answer 36

words that have the same spelling as another word but have different meaning

Example: tired meaning fatigue (verb); tire meaning a rubber cushion that fits around a wheel of an automobile (noun)

Question 37

timeline

Answer 37

visual representation of events or actions in animation or video

Example: arranging keyframes on a timeline to animate a bouncing ball

Question 38

decoding

Answer 38

In reading out loud, being able to sound out words by breaking them into simple forms. In reading for comprehension, the understanding of how to read each letter or letter pattern in a word to determine the word’s meaning

Question 39

Structural / Morphemic Analysis

Answer 39

using meaningful word parts (morphemes) to study a word and determine its meaning

Question 40

Frayer Model

Answer 40

a popular form of semantic mapping which helps students to identify and define unfamiliar concepts and vocabulary

Example: Students place the following information on a chart divided into four sections - the definition of a concept, its essential characteristics, examples and non-examples.