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NE100 Intro to Neural Engineering > Vocabulary & Anatomy > Flashcards

Vocabulary & Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the meaning of “encephalon”?

A

The brain

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2
Q

Myel = ?

A

Spinal cord

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3
Q

Soma = ?

A

cell body

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4
Q

Nucleus = ?

A

a group of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS

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5
Q

Ganglion = ?

A

a cluster of nerve cell bodies in the PNS

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6
Q

Ganglia = ?

A

plural of ganglion (group of Soma in PNS)

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7
Q

Afferent = ?

A

toward

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8
Q

Efferent = ?

A

away from

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9
Q

Axon bundles = ?

A

a tract in CNS

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10
Q

What’s a sulcus in the brain?

A

an indentation, groove or furrow

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11
Q

What are sulci?

A

plural of sulcus, grooves between gyri

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12
Q

What’s a gyrus in the brain?

A

a ridge between two sulci, a crest of folded cortical tissue

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13
Q

What are gyri?

A

plural of gyrus, ridges between sulci, crests of folded cortical tissue

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14
Q

What is the tentorium?

A

the membrane between the cerebral hemispheres

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15
Q

What is A?

A

corpus callosum, genu

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16
Q

What is B?

A

internal capsule, anterior limb

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17
Q

What is C?

A

IC, genu

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18
Q

What is D?

A

IC, posterior limb

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19
Q

What is E?

A

corpus callosum, splenium

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20
Q

What is F?

A

primary visual cortex

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21
Q

What is G?

A

thalamus

22
Q

What is H?

A

insula

23
Q

What is I?

A

globus pallidus

24
Q

What is J?

A

putamen

25
Q

What is K?

A

caudate

26
Q

It is most likely the mother is experiencing which of the following?

A

C. Delirium, possibly resulting from an unrecognized infection

27
Q

What is Myelin and what does it do?

A

Myelin = lipid (fatty insulation) that wraps neurons to speed conduction of the action potential = speeds up the signal. Myelin quickly shunts current from one mode of the Ranvier to the next

28
Q

Which of the following is the most likely cause of the movement disorder?

A

D. Degeneration of the superior cerebellar vermis

29
Q

Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of action of this drug?

A

C. Open K+ channels

30
Q

Which of the following would most likely cause the described symptoms?

A

B. Decreased dopamine release into the putamen (& Caudate)

31
Q

Which one is the Caudate?

A
  1. A - Punch out (lateral) from lateral ventricle → hit caudate
32
Q

Which disorder is this?

A

normal pressure hydrocephalus

33
Q

why are we interested in biomechanics?

A

Applications in prosthesis, rehabilitation, robotics, physiotherapy and disease diagnosis and prognosis

34
Q

Which of the following is most likely as a result of this vascular lesion?

A

C. Contralateral Babinski sign with deviation of the tongue to the ipsilateral side on protrusion

35
Q

Which of the following would be the most likely and reasonable explanation for the difference?

A

B. There is more Na+ inside neuron A than neuron B

36
Q

What are CPGs?

A

Central Pattern Generators (CPGs)

37
Q

How does the Ability hand make different grasp actions?

A

Through machine learning training sessions the computer learns what signal pattern corresponds to what movement. This signal pattern recognition is then used to assign commands to the prosthetic

38
Q

What is this Indicative of?

A

UMN disease

39
Q

What Disease has both LMN and UMN Disease?

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS

40
Q

Where is the lesion on the MRI? A. B. C. or D.

A

D.

41
Q

What function do we associate with the Amygdala?

A

Amygdala is involved with fear and anger and the emotional interpretation of events and visual stimuli

42
Q

Name this structure? What function do we associate with this structure?

A

Hippocampus-involved in memory, and damage results in amnesia

43
Q

Name the lobes, landmarks and functions

A

5 Lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital and limbic
Frontal: executive function
Temporal: auditory
Parietal: peripheral sensations
Occipital: vision
Limbic: emotion

44
Q

What are these? When they tear what type of bleed occurs?

A

Sub dural Hematoma
Crescent-Shaped; bridging veins
Associated with elderly & alcoholic brain atrophy

45
Q

Which of the following is likely the source of blood?

A

B. Meningeal artery

46
Q

How does Passive current flow through neuronal processes and across their membranes?

HINT: 2 current types

A

Capacitive current and Ionic current

47
Q

Name the nonneuronal cells of the Nervous system
and describe their functions

A

Neuroglia or Glial cells
(see picture for functions)

48
Q

What is the CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

49
Q

What is the PNS?

A

Sensory afferents and motor efferents

50
Q

What can the nervous system’s structure be broken up into?

A

The CNS and the PNS

51
Q
A

NE100 Intro to Neural Engineering (1 decks)

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