Vocabulary

Question 1

people who inhabited early Italy; Greek colonists to the south and ___________ in the north shared the peninsula and contributed engineering and religious ideas to Roman civilization

Answer 1

Etruscans

Question 2

system of government in which officials are chosen by the people; the Romans drove out of the Etruscan rulers and established this. From the Latin res publica, “that which belongs to the people,” where people chose some of the officials. The romans felt that this would prevent too much power from going to any one individual.

Answer 2

Republic

Question 3

laws were made by 300 land-holding, upper-class _________ who made up the senate. Two of these were selected to supervise the government and command the army each term.

Answer 3

Patrician

Question 4

these two _______ only served one term and checked or limited each other’s power.

Answer 4

Consul

Question 5

in times of warm a single ________ was given power, but only for six months. The model _______ was Cincinnatus, who won a great battle, celebrated, and returned to his farm, all in 15 days.

Answer 5

Dictator

Question 6

the legacy of Ancient Rome was to Rome was to give commoners a voice in government and safeguards on their rights. A majority of the people were this artisans, farmers, and merchants. This elected tribunes who could veto laws. They demanded the ability question patrician judges. Laws were inscribed on stone tablets and placed in the forum (marketplace) for all to read.

Answer 6

Plebeian

Question 7

an official elected by the plebeians to protect their interests. Plebeians elected this who could veto laws.

Answer 7

Tribune

Question 8

block a government action

Answer 8

Veto

Question 9

basic unit of the ancient Roman army, made up about 5,000 soldiers.

Answer 9

Legion

Question 10

domination by one country how many political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region

Answer 10

Imperialism

Question 11

huge estate bought out by the newly wealthy Roman citizens

Answer 11

Latifundia

Question 12

population count

Answer 12

Census

Question 13

a nomadic people of Central Asia

Answer 13

Huns

Question 14

economic cycle that involves a rapid rise in prices linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money available

Answer 14

Inflation

Question 15

was the first Roman Emperor to become a Christian. During his reign, he prevented the persecution of Christians and helped to strengthen the early church.

Answer 15

Constantine

Question 16

The capital of the eastern Roman empire; capital of the Byzantine and Ottoman empires, now called Istanbul

Answer 16

Constantinople

Question 17

soldiers serving in a foreign army for pay

Answer 17

Mercenaries

Question 18

was a Roman plebeians who became a tribune and lobbied for government reform. He was killed in 133 BC by gangs hired by Roman senators

Answer 18

Tiberius

Question 19

brother of Tiberius Gracchus and sought public funds to buy grain for the poor.

Answer 19

Gaius Gracchus

Question 20

in 58 BC, he led his army into Gaul. A brilliant military leader, he was feared by other generals after his success. When the Senate ordered him to disband his army, he instead led them across the Rubicon River and marched on Rome. He crushed his rival Pompey and became the absolute ruler of Rome Caesar instituted many reforms, including: Creating public works jobs for the unemployed. Granting citizenship to many conquered people. Adopting a calendar used for the next 1600 years. Conquered much of the Mediterranean Sea. However, in March 44 BC he was stabbed by his rivals, leading again to civil war. He once famously said, “Veni, vidi, vici. (“I came, I saw, I conquered.”) In 31 B.C., Caesar’s nephew Octavian defeated his chief general Mark Antony to gain control.

Answer 20

Julius Caesar

Question 21

Octavian was given the title ________, “the exulted one.” He ruled until 14 A.D., ending the republic but creating a stable government. well-trained civil service was hired, based on merit. A census counted the people to collect taxes fairly. postal service, new roads, and coins helped trade. The unemployed received jobs in public works or farming.

Answer 21

Augustus

Question 22

codified law throughout the empire.

Answer 22

Hadrian

Question 23

General who became emperor. To make government more effective, he divided the large empire into east and west and appointed a co-emperor

Answer 23

Diocletian

Question 24

is a Roman poet who wrote the Aeneid in 30 BC. He studied mathematics and other subjects in Rome and Naples and was inspired by Greek poets

Answer 24

Virgil

Question 25

make fun of

Answer 25

Satirize

Question 26

Picture made of chips of colored stone or glass

Answer 26

Mosaic

Question 27

Application of science and mathematics to develop useful structures and machines

Answer 27

Engineering

Question 28

in ancient Rome, underground or bridge-like stone structure that carried water from the hills into the city

Answer 28

Aqueduct

Question 29

Looked at the work of earlier astronomers. He suggested the Earth was the center of the universe, an error accepted for 1,500 years.

Answer 29

Ptolemy

Question 30

savior sent by God

Answer 30

Messiah

Question 31

leader or teacher of a new faith or movement

Answer 31

Apostle

Question 32

was an early appointment of Christianity who, after having a vision, was converted to the teachings of Jesus. He became a missionary to spread the teachings of Jesus

Answer 32

Paul

Question 33

A person who suffers or dies because of his or her beliefs

Answer 33

Martyr

Question 34

The body of people who conduct Christian services

Answer 34

Clergy

Question 35

high-ranking Church official with authority over a local area, or diocese

Answer 35

Bishop

Question 36

in the Roman empire and the Byzantine empires, the highest church official in a major city

Answer 36

Patriarch

Question 37

Head of the Roman Catholic Church; in ancient Rome, Bishop of Rome who claimed authority over all other bishops

Answer 37

Pope

Question 38

religious belief that is contrary to the official teachings of a church

Answer 38

Hersey

Question 39

is a Christian scholar who is written works have long-lasting effects on the Christian religion. He studied in Roman Africa and went on to become a bishop.

Answer 39

Augustine

Question 40

The sacred writings of a Christian religion

Answer 40

Christian Bible

Question 41

what is the first Roman emperor to become a Christian. During his reign, he prevented the persecution of Christians and helped to strengthen the early church

Answer 41

Constantine