Vocabulary Flashcards
Secular
concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters
Perspective
an artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface
Theocracy
a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god
Predestination
the doctrine that God has decided all the things beforehand, including which people will be eternally saved
Humanism
Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements
Indulgence
a grant by the Pope of remission of the temporal punishment in purgatory still due for sin after absolution
Denomination
a recognized autonomous branch of the Christian church
Excommunication
the action of officially excluding someone from participation in the sacraments and services of the Christian church
Philip II
King of Spain, Portugal, and Sicily and jure uxoris King of England and Duke of Milan
Absolute Monarch
a form of monarchy in which the monarch holds supreme autocratic authority, principally not being restricted by written laws, legislature, or customs
Edict of Nantes
granted Calvinist Protestants of France substantial rights
Cardinal Richelieu
French clergyman and statesman
Louis XIV
was the King of France
War of the Spanish Succession
a European conflict of the early 18th century
Thirty Years War
a war fought in central Europe from 1618 to 1648
Seven Years War
global war fought between 1756 to 1763
Ivan the Terrible
was the grand prince of Russia from 1533 to 1547
Peter the Great
ruled the tsardom of Russia
English Civil War
series of civil war between the Parliamentarians and Royalists
Habeas Corpus
a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, especially to secure the person’s release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention
Glorious Revolution
when William of Orange took the English throne from James II
Constitutional Monarchy
a form of government in which a non-elected monarch functions as head of states withing the limits of a constitution
Palace of Versailles
was the principal royal residence of France
Mercantilism
belief in the benefits of profitable trading
Triangular Trade
trading networks where slaves and other goods were exchanged between countries
Colony
land controlled by another nation
Middle Passage
voyage that brought captured Africans to the west indies and later to the Americas to be sold as slaves
Conquistador
the Spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters part of the quest of the Americas in the 16th century
Guerilla
a member of the loosely organized fighting force that makes surprise attacks on enemy troops occupying his or her country
Social Contract
the agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights, thus creating an organized society or government
Blockade
the use of troops or ships to prevent commercial traffic from entering or leaving a city or region
Philosopher
one of a group of social thinkers in France during the Enlightenment
Salon
a social gathering of intellectuals and artists, like those held in homes of wealthy women in Paris and other European cities during the Enlightenment
Guillotine
a machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution
Coup d’ etat
overthrow/takeover
