Vocabulary Flashcards
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an individual
Phenotype
Is any observable trait
What makes a phenotype
Genotype with the environment you’re in determines one‘s phenotype
Genetic variation
When individuals differ because they have different genotypes
Phenotypic variation
When individuals differ because they have different phenotypes
Genes
Stretches of DNA that code for proteins
Allele
Gene variation caused by mutation
Homozygous
When two alleles are the same
Heterozygous
When two alleles are different
Frequency
Tells us how common a trait or allele is in a population
Natural selection
A type of evolution that increases frequencies of “good” variants and decreases frequencies of “bad” variants
Sexually selection
A special type of natural selection in which we focus on how variation influences access to mates
Genetic drift
A type of evolution in which variants change frequency by chance
Bottleneck
Any event that kills a huge chunk of population quickly
Founder effect
A small population portion of the population immigrates ( leaves) to start living somewhere else
Geographic barriers
When a population becomes small because either natural barriers (like mountains) or human made barriers (like roads) traps them
Gene flow
Is when individuals (or their gametes) move from one population to another
Non random mating
When individuals are more likely to mate with individuals that have the same genotype as them
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
A set of equations that predicts genotype frequencies from allele frequencies.
Only applies when the population is not evolving
Sexual selection
A special case of natural selection
Is when individuals have a different fitness because of mate access
Fecundity
Calculates how many babies you can have each time your pregnant
Reproductive success
The number of offspring you have
Intrasexual selection
Competition between individuals of the same sex for mating and fertilization opportunities
Intersexual selection
Due to choice by the opposite sex
