Vocabulary

Question 1

enclosure

Answer 1

taking over smaller farms to create one larger, more efficient farm.

Question 2

James Watt

Answer 2

made improvements to the original steam engine.

Question 3

capital

Answer 3

money or wealth used to invest in business or enterprise.

Question 4

enterprise

Answer 4

business organization in such areas as shipping, mining, railroads, or factories.

Question 5

entrepreneur

Answer 5

a person who assumes financial risk in the hopes of making a profit.

Question 6

Eli Whitney

Answer 6

invented the cotton gin

Question 7

turnpike

Answer 7

a private road that users had to pay a fee to travel on

Question 8

Liverpool

Answer 8

an industrial city in northern Britain that was part of the first major railway line; it went from Liverpool to manchester.

Question 9

Manchester

Answer 9

an industrial city in northern Britain that was part of the first major railway line; it went from Manchester to Liverpool.

Question 10

urbanization

Answer 10

movement of people from a rural area to cities

Question 11

tenements

Answer 11

multistory building divided into crowded apartments

Question 12

labor unions

Answer 12

organization of workers who bargain for better pay and working conditions.

Question 13

standard of living

Answer 13

measures the quality and availability of necessities and everyday comforts in a society.

Question 14

Jeremy Bentham

Answer 14

British philosopher; advocated for utilitarianism

Question 15

Thomas Malthus

Answer 15

British economist that is well-known for an essay on the principle population

Question 16

utilitarianism

Answer 16

the idea that the goal of society should be to bring about “the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people

Question 17

socialism

Answer 17

a system in which the people as a whole rather than private individuals own all property and operate all businesses

Question 18

Robert Owen

Answer 18

welsh mill owner, believed in the fair treatment of employees, NO CHILD ABUSE

Question 19

Karl Marx

Answer 19

a german political thinker whose ideas became the foundation for communism

Question 20

communism

Answer 20

form of socialism advocated by Karl Marx; according to Marx, class struggle was inevitable and would lead to the creation of a classless society in which all wealth and property would be owned by the community as a whole

Question 21

proletariat

Answer 21

working-class