Vocabulary Flashcards
enclosure
taking over smaller farms to create one larger, more efficient farm.
James Watt
made improvements to the original steam engine.
capital
money or wealth used to invest in business or enterprise.
enterprise
business organization in such areas as shipping, mining, railroads, or factories.
entrepreneur
a person who assumes financial risk in the hopes of making a profit.
Eli Whitney
invented the cotton gin
turnpike
a private road that users had to pay a fee to travel on
Liverpool
an industrial city in northern Britain that was part of the first major railway line; it went from Liverpool to manchester.
Manchester
an industrial city in northern Britain that was part of the first major railway line; it went from Manchester to Liverpool.
urbanization
movement of people from a rural area to cities
tenements
multistory building divided into crowded apartments
labor unions
organization of workers who bargain for better pay and working conditions.
standard of living
measures the quality and availability of necessities and everyday comforts in a society.
Jeremy Bentham
British philosopher; advocated for utilitarianism
Thomas Malthus
British economist that is well-known for an essay on the principle population
utilitarianism
the idea that the goal of society should be to bring about “the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people
socialism
a system in which the people as a whole rather than private individuals own all property and operate all businesses
Robert Owen
welsh mill owner, believed in the fair treatment of employees, NO CHILD ABUSE
Karl Marx
a german political thinker whose ideas became the foundation for communism
communism
form of socialism advocated by Karl Marx; according to Marx, class struggle was inevitable and would lead to the creation of a classless society in which all wealth and property would be owned by the community as a whole
proletariat
working-class
