Vocabulary

Question 1

2 layers of dermis

Answer 1

Papillary 1/5

Reticular 4/5

Question 2

5 layers of epidermis

Answer 2

Stratum basale 
Stratum spinosum 
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum

Question 3

Integumentary system includes

Answer 3

Skin
Hair
Oil and sweat glands
Nails
Sensory receptors

Question 4

Integumentary system functions

Answer 4

Regulate body temperature 
Store blood
Protect body from external environment 
Detect cutaneous sensations 
Excrete and absorb substances
Synthesize vitamin D

Question 5

Hypodermis

Answer 5

Subcutaneous layer, NOT part of skin

Consists of areolar and adipose tissue

Question 6

Hypodermis functions

Answer 6

Store fat
Contain large blood vessels that supply the skin
Contains nerve endings to sense pressure

Question 7

Lamellated corpuscles = Pacinian corpuscles

Answer 7

Nerve endings in the hypodermis

Sensitive to pressure

Question 8

Epidermis

Answer 8

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 9

4 cell types in epidermis

Answer 9

Keratinocyte
Melanocyte
Intraepidermal macrophage = Langerhans cell
Tactile epithelial cell = Merkel cell

Question 10

Keratinocyte

Answer 10

Produce keratin
Protect skin and tissue from abrasion, heat, microbes, chemicals

Produce lamellar granule
Release water-repellent sealant
Decrease H2O entry/loss
Inhibit foreign material entry

Question 11

Melanocyte

Answer 11

Produce melanin
Yellow-red or brown-black
Melanin granules migrate to keratinocytes
Shield nuclear DNA from UV light

Question 12

Intraepidermal macrophages = Langerhans cells

Answer 12

Produced in red bone marrow
Migrate to epidermis
Easily damaged by UV light
Help other immune cells recognize invading microbe and destroy it

Question 13

Tactile epithelial cell = Merkel cell

Answer 13

Deepest layer of epidermis
Contact tactile disc = Merkel disc
Detect touch

Question 14

Stratum basale = stratum germinativum

Answer 14

Single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes
Some are stem cells
Keratin intermediate filaments
Attach to desmosomes, stratum spinosum, hemidesmosomes
Attach to basement membrane between epidermis and dermis
Melanocytes, tactile epithelial cells

Question 15

Stratum spinosum

Answer 15

8-10 layers of keratinocytes 
Some can divide
Coarser bundles of keratin intermediate filaments
Desmosomes junction
Intraepidermal macrophages 
Projections of melanocytes

Question 16

Stratum granulosum

Answer 16

5 layers of flattened keratinocytes 
Undergoing apoptosis
Nuclei and organelles degenerate
Keratohyalin assembles keratin intermediate filaments into keratin
Lamellar granules

Question 17

Stratum lucidum

Answer 17

Only in thick skin
Fingertips, palms, soles
4-6 layers of dead keratinocytes 
Large amount of keratin
Thickened plasma membrane

Question 18

Stratum corneum

Answer 18

25-30 layers of dead keratinocytes 
Thin, flat, plasma membrane-enclosed keratin
No nuclei or organelles 
Jigsaw puzzle to hold together
Continuously shed and replaced

Question 19

Callus

Answer 19

Abnormal thickening of the stratum corneum

Question 20

Dermis

Answer 20

Dense irregular connective tissue
Collagen and elastic fibers
Fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes

Question 21

Dermis - papillary region

Answer 21

Thin collagen, fine elastic fibers
Dermal papillae - nipple-shaped, project into epidermis
Capillary loop
Meissner corpuscles - nerve endings sensitive to touch
Free nerve endings - warm, cool, pain, tickle, itch

Question 22

Dermis - reticular region

Answer 22

Thick collagen fibers, fibroblasts, wandering cells (macrophages)
Adipose, coarse elastic fibers
Collagen fibers arrangement resist stretching
Blood vessel, nerve, hair follicle, sebaceous (oil) gland, sudoriferous (sweat) gland

Question 23

Fingerprints

Answer 23

Epidermal ridges + sweat

Question 24

Dermatoglyphics

Answer 24

Study of pattern of epidermal ridges